Chap #4

Which of the following are the components of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes when cells divide? A. myosin filaments B. intermediate filaments C. actin filaments D. microtubules

D. microtubules

Which of these manufactures cellular membranes by adding membrane proteins andphospholipids to its own membrane? A. nucleolus B. Golgi apparatus C. lysosomes D. ribosomes E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which of these are hollow rods that shape and support the cell? A. microtubules B. microfilaments C. plasma membrane D. peroxisomes E. chloroplasts

A. microtubules

What is the size of the smallest object that can be viewed as a distinct, separate object with a light microscope? A. 0.2 micrometers in diameter B. 0.2 millimeters in diameter C. 2 millimeters in diameter D. 0.2 nanometers in diameter

A. 0.2 micrometers in diameter

1 meter = _____ centimeters. A. 100 B. 1,000,000 C. 1,000,000,000 D. 1,000 E. 1,000,000,000,000

A. 100

Over time, bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Which of the following best explains this in terms of natural selection? A. Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced. B. Antibiotics caused mutations in the bacteria that were exposed to the largest doses of antibiotics. C. Some bacteria began to tolerate the antibiotics, and passed this ability to their offspring. D. Antibiotics caused bacteria to reproduce more quickly than normal.

A. Bacteria that happen to have natural resistance to antibiotics survived and reproduced.

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA? A. RNA processing B. gene expression C. polypeptide formation D. transcription E. translation

A. RNA processing

What is the smallest entity that exhibits all the characteristics of life? A. a cell B. organelles C. macromolecules D. tissues

A. a cell

The electron microscope has been particularly useful in studying bacteria because __________. A. bacteria are so small B. bacteria move so quickly they are hard to photograph C. electrons can penetrate tough bacterial cell walls D. bacteria are distinguished by differences in individual macromolecules

A. bacteria are so small

The term used to indicate the part of a eukaryotic cell where organelles are suspended in fluid is _____. A. cytoplasm B. phospholipid bilayer C. nuclear membrane D. extracellular matrix

A. cytoplasm

A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that __________. A. eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not B. prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells C. eukaryotic cells are older than prokaryotic cells in an evolutionary sense D. prokaryotic cells have cell walls; eukaryotic cells do not

A. eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not

Which of the following correctly describes what the video referred to as a "microbial cure"? A. Antibiotics are used only until the patient feels better, therefore reducing the exposure to the antibiotics. B. Antibiotics are used to kill all of the infectious bacteria in a person. C. Antibiotics are used to treat all infections, whether they are bacterial or viral, in order to bring about a full cure. D. Antibiotics are used every time a patient has disease symptoms, in order to prevent an infection from occurring.

B. Antibiotics are used to kill all of the infectious bacteria in a person.

Which one of the following groups is composed of prokaryotic cells? A. animals B. bacteria C. protists D. fungi

B. bacteria

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a by-product? A. centrioles B. peroxisome C. mitochondrion D. nucleus E. flagellum

B. peroxisome

A particular antibiotic kills 99% of a bacterial population. What will be the result of the continued application of this antibiotic? A. Every time the antibiotic is given, it will kill 99% of the bacterial population. B. Over time, the antibiotic will cause mutations in the bacteria. C. Over time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria. D. Eventually, all of the bacterial population will be wiped out.

C. Over time, the antibiotic will become less effective at killing the bacteria.

What name is given to the rigid structure, found outside the plasma membrane, that surrounds and supports the bacterial cell? A. capsule B. fimbriae C. cell wall D. flagella E. nucleoid region

C. cell wall

Plant cells have two energy-related organelles. ________________ harness light energy to create sugars and ________________ break down these sugars to create ATP. A. chloroplasts; ribosomes B. ribosomes; chloroplasts C. chloroplasts; mitochondria D. mitochondria; chloroplasts

C. chloroplasts; mitochondria

The function of the chloroplast is to __________. A. digest sugar to provide ATP energy for the cell B. contain the pigments that provide color for a plant C. convert light energy to chemical energy D. convert light energy to heat

C. convert light energy to chemical energy

Which of the following is stored in the lysosomes of the cell? A. proteins being prepared for secretion from the cell B. RNA C. digestive enzymes D. material to make ribosomes

C. digestive enzymes

The nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles make up the __________. A. extracellular matrix B. rough ER C. endomembrane system D. nucleolus

C. endomembrane system

Coded genetic information is produced in the nucleus and transferred to the cytoplasm in a molecule called _____. A. ribosome B. chromatin C. messenger RNA D. extracellular matrix

C. messenger RNA

Mitochondria, the sites of cellular respiration, are found in __________. A. bacteria B. plant cells only C. plant cells and animal cells D. animal cells only

C. plant cells and animal cells

Where is calcium stored? A. centrioles B. microtubules C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. mitochondria E. rough endoplasmic reticulum

C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following contributes the LEAST to the problem of antibiotic resistance? A. taking antibiotics for all infections, including viral infections B. stopping taking the antibiotics as soon as you feel better, thereby decreasing the exposure of the bacteria to the antibiotics C. taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor D. using high doses of antibiotics in animal feed, so that we are not exposed to the bacteria

C. taking the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor

_____ is/are identical in structure to centrioles. A. Nuclear envelopes B. Microfilaments C. Mitochondria D. Basal bodies E. Chromatin

D. Basal bodies

_____ are surface appendages that allow a bacterium to stick to a surface. A. Cell walls B. Flagella C. Mitochondria D. Fimbriae E. Ribosomes

D. Fimbriae

What are the three organelles that plant cells have but animal cells do not? A. mitochondrion, cell wall, central vacuole B. chloroplast, central vacuole, lysosome C. chloroplast, cell wall, lysosome D. chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

D. chloroplast, central vacuole, cell wall

Residents of Bangladesh are thought to be developing resistance to infection by Vibrio cholera by __________. A. use of antibiotics to fight infection by the bacterium Vibrio cholera B. drinking contaminated water since early childhood and developing an immune response C. filtering contaminated water with rudimentary filters that are accessible to all D. natural selection of humans who have mutations in genes that result in cells being less susceptible to the cholera toxin

D. natural selection of humans who have mutations in genes that result in cells being less susceptible to the cholera toxin

Where is a bacterial cell's DNA found? A. ribosomes B. nucleus C. peroxisome D. nucleoid region E. capsule

D. nucleoid region

The Golgi apparatus mainly functions to modify _____. A. Genes B. mRNA C. the nucleolus D. proteins

D. proteins

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA? A. RNA processing B. gene expression C. polypeptide formation D. transcription E. translation

D. transcription

_____ are the sites of protein synthesis. A. Golgi apparatuses B. Microfilaments C. Mitochondria D. Peroxisomes E. Ribosomes

E. Ribosomes

Polypeptides are assembled from _____. A. hexoses B. glycerol C. nucleotides D. proteins E. amino acids

E. amino acids

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration? A. mitochondrion B. chromatin C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. nucleolus E. ribosomes

A. mitochondrion

The _____ is the bacterial structure that acts as a selective barrier, allowing nutrients to enter the cell and wastes to leave the cell. A. plasma membrane B. nucleoid region C. ribosome D. fimbriae E. cell wall

A. plasma membrane

Which of the following are the two main components of cellular membranes? A. proteins and phospholipids B. phospholipids and nucleotides C. proteins and nucleotides D. carbohydrates and nucleotides

A. proteins and phospholipids

In a bacterium, where are proteins synthesized? A. ribosomes B. nucleus C. peroxisome D. nucleoid region E. capsule

A. ribosomes

In eukaryotic cells the first step in protein synthesis is the _____. A. transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA B. translation of an RNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids C. translation of a DNA nucleotide sequence into a sequence of amino acids D. linking of nucleotides to form a polypeptide E. removal of introns from RNA and the stitching together of exons

A. transferring of information from DNA to messenger RNA

What is the concern about using antibacterial and antimicrobial soaps? A. Doctors are concerned that people will stop using antibiotics, and start using more antibacterial and antimicrobial products instead. B. The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria. C. Antibacterial and antimicrobial products are far more toxic to bacteria than are antibiotics. D. Antibacterial and antimicrobial products are far more toxic to humans than are antibiotics.

B. The use of any chemical that kills bacteria can eventually lead to resistance to that chemical in the population of bacteria.

A plant cell has a versatile compartment that stores organic nutrients, absorbs water, and contains poisons that protect against plant-eating animals. This compartment is the _____. A. cristae B. central vacuole C. food vacuole D. chloroplast

B. central vacuole

The most commonly used microscope, which uses visible light to view cells, is called a __________. A. phase contrast microscope B. light microscope C. confocal microscope D. transmission electron microscope

B. light microscope

Rough endoplasmic reticulum appears "rough" because __________. A. lysosomes are attached to the ER B. many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane C. of the numerous proteins produced by the rough ER D. the Golgi apparatus is associated with rough ER to produce proteins

B. many ribosomes stud the outside of the ER membrane

In addition to the nucleus, which of the following are organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes? A. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus B. mitochondria and chloroplasts C. lysosomes and ribosomes D. mitochondria and ribosomes

B. mitochondria and chloroplasts

The fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is characterized by __________. A. a bilayer composed of carbohydrate B. molecules moving freely past one another C. the presence of the cell's genetic information D. attachment to the cell wall in animal cells

B. molecules moving freely past one another

The _____ is a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into and out of the cell. A. lysosome B. plasma membrane C. nucleus D. chloroplast E. nuclear envelope

B. plasma membrane

Animal cells are surrounded by a(n) ________________, whereas plant cells are also surrounded by a(n) ________________ . A. nuclear membrane; endomembrane B. plasma membrane; cell wall C. plasma membrane; endomembrane D. endomembrane; cell wall

B. plasma membrane; cell wall

Which of these distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell? A. ability to synthesize amino acids B. presence of a cell wall C. presence of a nucleus D. presence of a plasma membrane

B. presence of a cell wall

What is the function of a bacterium's capsule? A. propulsion B. protection C. DNA storage D. protein synthesis

B. protection

What is the primary site of protein production in a eukaryotic cell? A. the nucleus B. ribosomes C. the Golgi apparatus D. vacuoles

B. ribosomes

What is the genetic center of the eukaryotic cell? A. the lysosomes B. the Golgi apparatus C. the nucleus D. the nucleolus

C. the nucleus

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function? A. ribosome ... manufacture of lipids B. lysosome ... movement C. vacuole ... storage D. mitochondrion ... photosynthesis

C. vacuole ... storage

A study conducted by the National Institutes of Health on the infectivity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) stated their hypothesis as __________. A. mice infected with bacteria lacking the ability to produce B. a protein (PSM) did not die C. a protein (PSM) disables human immune cells asking if a protein (PSM) plays a role in MRSA infection D. MRSA bacteria lacking the ability to produce a protein (PSM) would be less deadly than those producing it

D. MRSA bacteria lacking the ability to produce a protein (PSM) would be less deadly than those producing it

Over 100 years ago, microbiologist Paul Ehrlich talked about his concept of the ideal antibiotic as a "magic bullet" that could kill harmful bacteria but have minimal side effects for the infected person. How do antibiotics accomplish this goal? A. by altering the bacteria in a way that makes them more susceptible to the antibiotic B. by inhibiting the host's immune response C. by functioning as enzymes D. by targeting structures found only in bacterial cells and not the host cells

D. by targeting structures found only in bacterial cells and not the host cells

The _____ is composed of DNA and protein. A. flagellum B. centriole C. ribosome D. chromatin E. mitochondrion

D. chromatin

Within the nucleus of a cell, long DNA molecules and associated proteins form fibers called _____. A. cell junctions B. nuclear envelope C. ribosomes D. chromatin

D. chromatin

Which organelles comprise the endomembrane system of a cell? A. mitochondrion, chloroplast, plasma membrane B. mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus C. plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, endomembrane D. endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

D. endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome

The ____________________ builds compounds, whereas the ________________ breaks things down. A. Golgi apparatus; lysosome B. endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus C. Golgi apparatus; central vacuole D. endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

D. endoplasmic reticulum; lysosome

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____. A. a protein B. DNA C. a eukaryotic cell D. mRNA E. a polypeptide

D. mRNA

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells are composed of _____. A. microfilaments B. pili C. tonofilaments D. microtubules E. intermediate filaments

D. microtubules

In some eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella are motile, cellular appendages that aid the cell in __________. A. cellular respiration B. cell division C. photosynthesis D. movement

D. movement

Which organelle plays a role in intracellular digestion? A. plasmodesma B. chloroplast C. ribosome D. Golgi apparatus E. lysosome

E. lysosome

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured by the _____. A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. peroxisome D. lysosome E. nucleolus

E. nucleolus

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein? A. RNA processing B. gene expression C. polypeptide formation D. transcription E. translation

E. translation