Chap 49

Order the three kinds of nitrogenous wastes based on the energy needed to synthesize them, from less to more energy needed. Ammonia Urea Uric acid

Ammonia Urea Uric acid

Where in the body are the kidneys located? Below the abdomen In the lower back Above the stomach

In the lower back

Which describes the internal fluids of sharks? It is hypertonic to seawater. It is hypotonic to seawater. It is isotonic to seawater.

It is isotonic to seawater.

What is the name of the functional unit that makes up the kidneys? Neuron Corpuscle Glomerulus Nephron

Nephron

Where are an animal's fluids found? They are only found inside of cells. They usually reside in one large extracellular compartment. They reside in intra and extracellular compartments.

They reside in intra and extracellular compartments.

Reabsorption and ______________ move materials in the opposite direction.

secretion

Which of the following pairs is not matched correctly? Bird:hypotonic urine Mammal:hypertonic urine Terrestrial reptiles:isotonic urine Freshwater fish:hypotonic urine

Bird:hypotonic urine

Osmoregulatory organs can be used to simultaneously remove which of the following? Gases such as CO2 Excess salts Excess water Metabolic waste

Excess salts Excess water Metabolic waste

The tendency of a solution to take in water by osmosis is measured by its what? Ionic pressure Tonicity Osmotic pressure Isotonicity

Osmotic pressure

Where are osmoregulators found? They are only found in marine environments. They inhabit all environments on Earth. They inhabit freshwater environments only. They are only found on land, aquatic organisms are surrounded by water and do not need to osmoregulate.

They inhabit all environments on Earth.

What are problems faced by marine fish regarding their osmoregulation? Water is lost through the excretion of urine. Electrolytes tend to leave the body and enter the environment. Water tends to enter the body from the environment. Water tends to leave the body and enter the environment.

Water is lost through the excretion of urine. Water tends to leave the body and enter the environment.

Which of the following are the two problems faced by freshwater fish regarding their osmoregulation? Water tends to enter the body from the environment. Solutes tends to enter the body from the environment. Solutes tend to leave the body and enter the environment. Water tends to leave the body and enter the environment.

Water tends to enter the body from the environment. Solutes tend to leave the body and enter the environment

Are any waste products generated from the breakdown of protein and if so, what is their nature? Yes; nitrogenous wastes Yes; only carbon dioxide is produced Yes, only carbon dioxide and water are produced No, wastes are not generated

Yes; nitrogenous wastes

Of all the different kinds of nitrogenous wastes, which one is least costly to produce? Ammonia Allantoin Urea Uric acid

ammonia

Of the three kinds of nitrogenous wastes, _______________ is the most toxic.

ammonia

The _______________ nephrons have short loops of Henle, while ______________ nephrons have much longer loops of Henle.

cortical, juxtamedullary

The vertebrate kidney begins the process of urine formation by __________ of the blood under ______________ .

filtering, pressure

Amphibians have likely not evolved more complex kidneys because they spend a significant portion of their time in _____________ _____________ .

freshwater

The kidneys of amphibians are very similar to the kidneys of which organisms? Freshwater birds Freshwater fish Marine fish Marine mammals

freshwater fish

Birds and mammals are the only vertebrates that can produce -tonic urine.

hyper

An animal's internal fluids reside in and may move between the_____________ and ______________ compartments.

intracellular, extracellular

What type of environments are typical for osmoconformers? Terrestrial environments. Marine environments. Freshwater environments.

marine environments

Which of the following are osmoconformers? terrestrial animals freshwater animals marine invertebrates sharks

marine invertebrates sharks

The nitrogen in amino acids and other nitrogen containing molecules in animals is excreted in the form of which of the following? Protein wastes Allantoic wastes Amino wastes Nitrogenous wastes

nitrogenous wastes

Animals that maintain a very stable internal salt concentration and osmolarity, whatever the outside concentrations may be, are called ____________

osmoregulators

The __________ _________________ of a solution is a measure of its tendency to take in water by osmosis.

osmotic pressure

The simplest filtration mechanism in invertebrates is the __________ system of flatworms.

protonephredia

In the vertebrate kidney the initial filtrate is further modified by ______________ useful molecules from it and ____________ additional wastes and toxic molecules into it.

reabsorbing ,secreting

When molecules or ions are actively transported from the body fluid into an excretory tubule, the process is termed _________________ .

secretion