Chap 5 Bio

Which of the areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme?

c

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

carbon dioxide

What function do the carrier proteins embedded in the cell membrane serve

facilitated diffusion

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions

feedback inhibition

Which of the following is a mechanism used to regulate enzyme activity?

feedback inhibition

During an osmosis experiment, you place some plant cells under the microscope. You notice the cells seem very swollen. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypotonic

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

What process allows water to move across a cell membrane

osmosis

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below can proceed without ATP energy

passive transport

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis

Which of the following methods of transport uses a coated pit to take in a specific type of molecule

receptor-mediated endocytosis

Which of the following is an example of simple diffusion

A sugar cube dissolves in coffee

Which of the following is an example of kinetic energy?

the skier traveling downhill

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind

to the first enzyme in the pathway

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via active transport. What would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed

Glucose absorption would decrease

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. The tube contains an aqueous solution with4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose. How could you describe the solution in the beaker compared to the solution in the tube?

The beaker solution is hypertonic to the tube solution

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season?

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells.

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate group is removed from it

Which of these words should be classified separately from the others? 2

active transport

Factors that may affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include

all of the above answers

Which of the following is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy

an apple made up of energy-rich macromolecules

ATP breakdown provides the energy necessary for muscle contraction. This is an example of which concept?

cou

Which of the following is a passive process

diffusion

Enzymes are usually named based on the substrate that they bind. This is possible because

enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction.

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them in secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane. What type of cellular transport is this?

exocytosis

The changing of an enzyme's shape as the substrate binds to the active site is called the

induced fit model

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other.

the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as it is in the surrounding solution, the cell is in a(n) _________________environment.

isotonic.

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

its breakdown is coupled with energy-requiring reactions.

Which of the following correctly lists the order in which energy flows through an ecosystem

solar energy - chloroplast - mitochondria

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine.

Which of the following statements correctly describes an energy transformation in living organisms

Chloroplasts convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules

A tube with a membrane covering the bottom is placed in a beaker. The membrane allows water to flow through but not salt or glucose. If the tube contains an aqueous solution with4% salt and 20% glucose and the beaker contains an aqueous solution with 12% salt and 6% glucose, what would happen to the level of the water in the tube?

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.

When a potted houseplant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements?

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cells to gain water

Less energy is needed to bring about a reaction when an enzyme is present.

True

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide

During an osmosis experiment in class, you look at some cells under the microscope. You notice the cells look shriveled. What type of solution were the cells immersed in?

hypertonic

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headache. The physician asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient

hypotonic

Where within the cell is the majority of ATP produced

mitochondria

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energytransformations resultin an increase in entropy (disorder). If so, how does photosynthesis, which is an energy transformation, create order rather than disorder?

Plants take highly ordered molecules like glucose and break them into smaller disordered molecules like carbon dioxide and water

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, while cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bonds in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose?

The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

across plasma membranes only through transport proteins.