Chapt. 5-8 Test Psychology

Padedeh took an intelligence test that asked her to come up with as many uses for a paper clip as she can imagine. What was this test measuring?

Divergent thinking

John and Linda are twins but they only share 50% of their genetic material. This makes them ___________ twins

Dizygotic

During an infants first year, brain size:

Doubles

Alzheimer's disease was discovered in the:

Early 1900's

What is the first step in the memory process?

Encoding

Episodic memory is demonstrated in one's memory for:

One's first kiss

An individual enters late adulthood around the age:

65

An algorithm is:

A formula or set of rules that guarantees a problem's solution.

Consider how the building blocks of language ore usually expressed in writing. A word would be classified as _________, while a letter would be classified as __________.

A mopheme; a phoneme

1. Past performance is measured with a(n) _____, while future performance is measured with a(n) _____ test.

Achievement; aptitude

Learning does not include:

Adaptation

With respect to theories of language development, ___________ supports the "nature" perspective, while ________ supports the "nurture" perspective.

Chomsky; Skinner

Shane needs to learn a long list of biology terms. Shane increases his short-term memory capacity by composing a few sentences, each containing several related terms. Shane is using a strategy called:

Chunking

Partial reinforcement is the same thing as _______ reinforcement.

Intermittent

According to Kubler-Ross, the stages of grief after learning that one is dying begins with:

Denial

When Ericka's mother, Joan, died suddenly, the first stage of grief Ericka experienced was:

Denial

As young people enter into emerging adulthood, they also begin the search for __________.

Intimacy

1. The second and third trimesters of pregnancy, which include weeks 12 through birth, occur entirely within the _____ period of prenatal development.

Fetal

Ivan Pavlov Investigated how organisms:

Form associations between stimuli

Georgia's grandmother suffers from anterograde amnesia. This means that she is unable to:

Form new memories

Rules are the basis for _______ concepts, while experience is the basis for _________ concepts.

Formal; natural

The case of Harvard neuroscientist Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor attests to the role of the _________ lobe in processing emotions, making plans, and controlling impulses.

Frontal

Kareem no longer responds when his mother yells his name since he has become accustomed to hearing it. He is demonstrating a basic form of learning called:

Habituation

The textbook refers to the nature-versus-nurture issue as a debate regarding:

Heredity and the environment

Means-ends analyses and forming subgoals are examples of problem-solving:

Heuristics

Clive Wearing developed a brain infection known as viral encephalitis that prevented him from forming new memories. Which brain structure involved in the creation of memories was damaged?

Hippocampus

In late adulthood, the _____ is linked to memory decline; however, physical exercise can encourage the growth of new neurons in this brain region.

Hippocampus

Extinction and spontaneous recovery can take place:

In both classical and operant conditioning

LaToya is 28. She is engaged to a young man she has been dating for several years. She is looking forward to marrying and starting a family. It appears that LaToya has successfully negotiated Erikson's _____ stage.

Intimacy versus isolation

___________ is known for his theory of moral development.

Kohlberg

1. Neil wants to complete several on-campus errands as efficiently as possible during a break between classes so that he can spend at least a few minutes reviewing lecture notes. To plan his route, he consults a picture in his mind of the campus's layout. In Tolman's terms, Neil is using a cognitive:

Map

Cramming for tests is an example of:

Massed practice

Which pairing correctly matches a mechanism of language acquisition with a theorist?

Modeling - Bandura

Ericka's baby loves playing peek-a-boo games. This is because infants in the sensorimotor stage lack:

Object permanence

Brown eyes, curly hair, and a slim build are elements of Jarrod's:

Phenotype

Developmental psychology investigates:

Physical, cognitive, and socioemotional changes across the life span

1. A multiple-choice question asks students to select the brain area most involved in emotion from among several possibilities. Such a question is a _____ test of _____ memory.

Recognition; explicit

Regarding its role in memory, the prefrontal cortex is essential for:

Retrieval

The Bobo doll study showed that children were more likely to copy models who were _________ for their aggressive behaviors, and less likely to copy models who were _________ for their aggressive behaviors.

Rewarded; punished

What is the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Observational learning is also called:

Social learning

Early in psychology's history, _____ theorized that a general intellectual ability called supported performance on many different types of tasks.

Spearman

"I could use some Tide," Monique mentions as she enters an unfamiliar discount store. "Excuse me. Where could we find the laundry detergent?" Monique's friend asks a nearby sales associate. "Aisle 8, in cleaning products," the associate responds. Monique is referring to the _____ level in the concept hierarchy. Her friend is referencing the _____ level. Finally, the associate is identifying the _____ level.

Subordinate; midlevel; superordinate

Memory refers to:

The brain processes involved in the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.

One disadvantage of the cross-sectional method is that it doesn't tell us whether differences across age groups result from actual developmental changes or from common experiences within groups. This is known as:

The cohort effect

Ebbinghaus is associated with:

The curve of forgetting

The brain becomes fully mature by:

The early to mid-twenties

____________ is when the wording of questions or the context of a problem influences the outcome of a decision.

The framing effect

Tanner's study partner asks him, "Which German physiologist is associated with the trichromatic theory of color vision?" "Um . . . von . . . von . . . I know it! 'H' something . . . ," Tanner manages. Tanner is experiencing:

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Since a bright light causes one to blink reflexively, blinking would be described here as a(n):

Unconditional Response