Chapter 01: The Past, Present, and Future

__________________ . __________________ is purposeful, goal-directed thinking based on scientific evidence rather than assumption or memorization.

Critical thinking

33. The nurse who is very conscientious about hand hygiene is following the concepts set out by ____________________ and ____________________.

Lister, Pasteur

The first White House Conference on Children and Youth was called by President ______________ ________________.

Theodore Roosevelt

The nurse is clarifying information to a patient regarding diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). What is the nurse's best response when the patient asks how DRGs reduce medical care costs? a. By determining payment based on diagnosis b. By requiring two medical opinions to confirm a diagnosis c. By organizing HMOs d. By defining a person who will require hospitalization

a. By determining payment based on diagnosis

What guidelines define multidisciplinary patient care in terms of expected outcome and timeframe from different areas of care provision? a. Clinical pathways b. Nursing outcome criteria c. Standards of care d. Nursing care plan

a. Clinical pathways

What factors have played a role in meeting the goals of Healthy People 2020 as it relates the goals for outcomes of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.) a. Early prenatal care b. Increased number of surgical births c. NICU care d. Use of prenatal glucocorticoids e. Fetal surgery

a. Early prenatal care c. NICU care d. Use of prenatal glucocorticoids e. Fetal surgery

The nurse reminds family members that the philosophy of family-centered care is to provide control to the family over health care decisions. What is the appropriate term for this type of control? a. Empowerment b. Insight c. Regulation d. Organization

a. Empowerment

A patient asks the nurse to explain what is meant by "gene therapy." What is the nurse's best response? a. Gene therapy can replace missing genes. b. Gene therapy evaluates the parent's genes. c. Gene therapy can change the sex of the fetus. d. Gene therapy supports the regeneration of defective genes.

a. Gene therapy can replace missing genes

A community health nurse is providing specialized care to patients in the home setting. What kind of specialized care may this nurse be providing? (Select all that apply.) a. Glucose monitoring b. Heparin therapy c. Family education d. Total parenteral nutrition e. Provision of referral services

a. Glucose monitoring b. Heparin therapy d. Total parenteral nutrition

6. Who advocated the establishment of the Children's Bureau? a. Lillian Wald b. Florence Nightingale c. Florence Kelly d. Clara Barton

a. Lillian Wald

What services are birthing centers able to provide? (Select all that apply.) a. Prenatal care b. Labor and delivery services c. Classes for new mothers d. Adoption referrals e. Family planning

a. Prenatal care b. Labor and delivery services c. Classes for new mothers e. Family planning

The nurse is aware that there is a legal responsibility to report certain diseases and conditions to county or state health authorities. Which would be included? (Select all that apply.) a. Tuberculosis b. Child abuse c. Industrial accidents d. Sexually transmitted diseases e. Food-borne infections

a. Tuberculosis b. Child abuse d. Sexually transmitted diseases e. Food-borne infections

What developments in the early 20th century encouraged women to seek hospitalization for childbirth? (Select all that apply.) a. Use of specialized obstetric instruments b. Use of anesthesia c. Physicians' closer relationships with hospitals d. Focus on family-centered care e. Insurance coverage

a. Use of specialized obstetric instruments b. Use of anesthesia c. Physicians' closer relationships with hospitals

What non-family-centered policies were prevalent in the 1960s? (Select all that apply.) a. Waiting room for fathers b. Sedation of mother during labor c. Delay of reunion of mother and infant d. Lenient visiting hours e. Restrictions of visitations by minor children

a. Waiting room for fathers b. Sedation of mother during labor c. Delay of reunion of mother and infant e. Restrictions of visitations by minor children

How many hours of hospital stay does legislation currently allow for a postpartum patient who has delivered vaginally without complications? a. 24 b. 48 c. 36 d. 72

b. 48

A patient chooses to have the certified nurse midwife (CNM) provide care during her pregnancy. What does the CNM's scope of practice include? a. Practice independent from medical supervision b. Comprehensive prenatal care c. Attendance at all deliveries d. Cesarean sections

b. Comprehensive prenatal care

Which medical pioneer discovered the relationship between the incidence of puerperal fever and unwashed hands? a. Karl Credé b. Ignaz Semmelweis c. Louis Pasteur d. Joseph Lister

b. Ignaz Semmelweis

How does the clinical pathway or critical pathway improve quality of care? a. Lists diagnosis-specific implementations b. Outlines expected progress with stated timelines c. Prioritizes effective nursing diagnoses d. Describes common complications

b. Outlines expected progress with stated timelines

Practical nursing students are using critical thinking skills to study for an upcoming test. What will these students include when studying? (Select all that apply.) a. Memorization of facts first b. Prioritizing information c. Relating facts to other facts d. Making assumptions e. Reviewing before the test

b. Prioritizing information c. Relating facts to other facts e. Reviewing before the test

How does electronic charting ensure comprehensive charting more effectively than handwritten charting? a. Provides a uniform style of chart b. Requires certain responses before allowing the user to progress c. All documentation is reflective of the nursing care plan d. Requires a daily audit by the charge nurse

b. Requires certain responses before allowing the user to progress

A nursing student on an obstetric rotation questions the floor nurse about the definition of the LVN/LPN scope of practice. What resource can the nurse suggest to the student? a. American Nurses Association b. State's board of nursing c. Joint Commission d. Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses

b. State's board of nursing

A pregnant woman who has recently immigrated to the United States comments to the nurse, "I am afraid of childbirth. It is so dangerous. I am afraid I will die." What is the best nursing response reflecting cultural sensitivity? a. "Maternal mortality in the United States is extremely low." b. "Anesthesia is available to relieve pain during labor and childbirth." c. "Tell me why you are afraid of childbirth." d. "Your condition will be monitored during labor and delivery."

c. "Tell me why you are afraid of childbirth."

What term appropriately describes the nurse who is able to adapt health care practices to meet the needs of various cultures? a. Culturally aware b. Culturally sensitive c. Culturally competent d. Culturally adaptive

c. Culturally competent

A nursing student has reviewed a hospitalized pediatric patient chart, interviewed her mother, and collected admission data. What is the next step the student will take to develop a nursing care plan for this child? a. Identify measurable outcomes with a timeline. b. Choose specific nursing interventions for the child. c. Determine appropriate nursing diagnoses. d. State nursing actions related to the child's medical diagnosis.

c. Determine appropriate nursing diagnoses.

What was the result of research done in the 1930s by the Children's Bureau? a. Children with heart problems are now cared for by pediatric cardiologists. b. The Child Abuse and Prevention Act was passed. c. Hot lunch programs were established in many schools. d. Children's asylums were founded.

c. Hot lunch programs were established in many schools.

What is the best example of a Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) intervention? a. Patient will ambulate in the hall independently for 10 minutes three times a day. b. Nurse will report temperature elevations to the charge nurse. c. Nurse will offer extra liquids at all meals. d. Patient will express pain relief after massage.

c. Nurse will offer extra liquids at all meals.

Student practical nurses are discussing the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) taxonomy in post conference on the acute care clinical setting. The students are aware that the role of the LPN with nursing diagnosis formulation is what? a. To initiate and identify nursing diagnosis specific to patient b. To update changes in nursing diagnosis as needed c. To have an understanding of nursing diagnosis terminology d. To accurately document nursing diagnosis on patient plan of care

c. To have an understanding of nursing diagnosis terminology

A patient in the prenatal clinic is concerned about losing her job because of her pregnancy. The nurse instructs her that the Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) allows an employee to be absent from work without pay. How many weeks does the FMLA allow a woman to recover from childbirth or care for a sick family member without loss of benefits or pay status? a. 4 b. 6 c. 10 d. 12

d. 12

What is the focus of current maternity practice? a. Hospital births for the majority of women b. The traditional family unit c. Separation of labor rooms from delivery rooms d. A quality family experience for each patient

d. A quality family experience for each patient

An urban area has been reported to have a high perinatal mortality rate. What information does this provide? a. Maternal and infant deaths per 100,000 live births per year b. Deaths of fetuses weighing more than 500 g per 10,000 births per year c. Deaths of infants up to 1 year of age per 1000 live births per year d. Fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year

d. Fetal and neonatal deaths per 1000 live births per year

What government program was implemented to increase the educational exposure of preschool children? a. WIC b. Title XIX of Medicaid c. The Children's Charter d. Head Start

d. Head Start

An inservice program at a long-term care facility is reviewing the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) with nursing staff. After the presentation the nurses review resident care plans. Which of the following are found to be appropriately written outcomes? (Select all that apply.) a. Suction patient orally every 4 hours and as needed. b. Auscultate lung sounds every 2 hours. c. Provide Tylenol as ordered by health care provider. d. Patient states "Pain has decreased" after medication administration. e. Patient blood pressure recorded as 120/72 after dressing change.

d. Patient states "Pain has decreased" after medication administration. e. Patient blood pressure recorded as 120/72 after dressing change.

What is one major advantage to the application of critical thinking? a. Problem-free care b. Limitation of approaches to care c. Decreased need for assessment d. Problem prevention

d. Problem prevention

What is the purpose of the White House Conference on Children and Youth? a. Set criteria for normal growth patterns. b. Examine the number of live births in minority populations. c. Raise money to support well-child clinics in rural areas. d. Promote comprehensive child welfare.

d. Promote comprehensive child welfare.

What was recommended by Karl Credé in 1884? a. All women should be delivered in a hospital setting. b. Chemical means should be used to combat infection. c. Podalic version should be done on all fetuses. d. Silver nitrate should be placed in the eyes of newborns.

d. Silver nitrate should be placed in the eyes of newborns.

The nurse reviewing the specific recovery goals set out on a clinical pathway observed that two goals were not met by their designated timeline. The nurse records a negative _____________ for these two goals.

variance