Chapter 05. Civil Rights

Which of the following are examples of civil rights, and which are examples of civil liberties? right to attend a desegregated school right to vote right to freely practice one's religion right to participate in a peaceful demonstration right to not be subjected to an unreasonable search and seizure

Civil Right right to attend a desegregated school right to vote Civil Liberty right to freely practice one's religion right to participate in a peaceful demonstration right to not be subjected to an unreasonable search and seizure

Which of the following statements about court-centered strategies for social movements are true? -A court-centered strategy of achieving civil rights is most effective when public opinion has already shifted. -A court-centered strategy of achieving civil rights is limited since court decisions are not self-enforcing. -A court-centered strategy is always more effective in achieving civil rights than passing legislation. -A court-centered strategy is generally preferred since it produces immediate change, while other strategies take time to effect change.

Correct Answer(s) -A court-centered strategy of achieving civil rights is most effective when public opinion has already shifted. -A court-centered strategy of achieving civil rights is limited since court decisions are not self-enforcing.

Which of the following statements about Arab, Middle Eastern, and Muslim Americans are correct? -After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, a wave of Islamophobia, or the fear of and discrimination against Islam or people who practice Islam, arose and hate crimes against Muslims increased 1,617 percent.Press Space to openCorrect -While Islamophobia existed in the 1990s, it has declined considerably since then and is no longer a problem in the U.S.Press Space to openCorrect -Negative media portrayals and news stories about Muslim Americans has increased hostility towards Muslim Americans and increased support for more stringent policies.

Correct Answer(s) -After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, a wave of Islamophobia, or the fear of and discrimination against Islam or people who practice Islam, arose and hate crimes against Muslims increased 1,617 percent. -Negative media portrayals and news stories about Muslim Americans has increased hostility towards Muslim Americans and increased support for more stringent policies.

How are cases on affirmative action different from those such as Brown v. Board of Education and Loving v. Virginia? Affirmative action programs disadvantage those in dominant majority groups.Press Space to ]] Affirmative action programs are designed to prevent harm to minority groups.Press Space to openCorrect AnswerIncorrect Answer They are motivated by a desire to promote civil rights.Press Space to openCorrect AnswerIncorrect Answer Affirmative action programs are designed to assist victims of past injustices.

Correct Answer(s) Affirmative action programs disadvantage those in dominant majority groups. Affirmative action programs are designed to assist victims of past injustices. Incorrect Answer(s) They are motivated by a desire to promote civil rights. Affirmative action programs are designed to prevent harm to minority groups.

What challenges did African Americans face in the years immediately after the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954? Housing remained racially segregated. Many African Americans still could not exercise their right to vote. Employment discrimination against African Americans persisted. De jure school segregation continued in the North and South.

Correct Answer(s) Housing remained racially segregated. Many African Americans still could not exercise their right to vote. Employment discrimination against African Americans persisted. Incorrect Answer(s) De jure school segregation continued in the North and South.

Which of the following statements regarding the civil rights of Asian Americans are correct and which are incorrect?

Correct Answer(s) In 1870, Congress declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for citizenship, and in 1882 the first Chinese Exclusion Act suspended the entry of Chinese laborers. Several Western states passed laws denying Japanese immigrants the right to own property, and after Japan's the attack on Pearl Harbor, 120,000 people of Japanese descent—including 90,000 American citizens—were forcibly confined in internment prisons. The Civil Liberties Act of 1988 acknowledged the forced removal and internment of Japanese people as an injustice and provided reparations of $20,000 to each surviving Japanese American.

Why was Brown v. Board of Education a significant case?

Correct Answer(s) It overturned the separate but equal doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson. It signaled that the Court was willing to apply the strict scrutiny test in cases involving racial discrimination.

What effect did the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 have?

Correct Answer(s) It prohibits discrimination in employment, housing, and healthcare. It called for making all public businesses accessible to those with disabilities.

Study the Who Are Americans? infographic, and then answer the question. Identify the correct and incorrect statements about America's immigrants. More immigrants in America have an authorized legal status than unauthorized. The majority of immigrants are lawful permanent residents or naturalized citizens. The smallest group of immigrants are unauthorized immigrants. Naturalized citizens make up more than 50 percent of the immigrant population.

Correct Answer(s) More immigrants in America have an authorized legal status than unauthorized. The majority of immigrants are lawful permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Incorrect Answer(s) The smallest group of immigrants are unauthorized immigrants. Naturalized citizens make up more than 50 percent of the immigrant population.

Which of theses cases relate to gay and lesbian civil rights? Obergefell v. Hodges Lawrence v. Texas Lau v. Nichols Romer v. Evans

Correct Answer(s) Obergefell v. Hodges Romer v. Evans Lawrence v. Texas

Which of the following statements regarding the impact of the Black Lives Matter movement are true?

Correct Answer(s) The Black Lives Matter movement mobilized collective action through public demonstrations with an estimated 20 to 26 million participants during spring 2020. The Black Lives Matter movement was supported by 67 percent of Americans across racial groups, and during the period between 2016 and 2020, Americans' views on policing became less positive. Incorrect Answer(s) The Black Lives Matter movement had an important role in completely reforming criminal justice and policing policies nationally, eliminating qualified immunity for law enforcement, enacting stricter policies on the use of force, and ending racial profiling. The Black Lives Matter movement was only supported by about 20 percent of Americans and primarily only among Black Americans, so the movement had virtually no impact on public opinion pertaining to policing.

What strategies did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) devise in response to racial violence, including lynchings, during the early to mid-1900s? The NAACP worked with governors in the Southern states to change their position and pass anti-lynching laws. The NAACP lobbied Congress to pass federal anti-lynching legislation. The NAACP petitioned three presidents to denounce racialized violence and won a landmark case about mob violence in the Supreme Court. The NAACP supported outside strategies like writing news stories and mass demonstrations.

Correct Answer(s) The NAACP lobbied Congress to pass federal anti-lynching legislation. The NAACP petitioned three presidents to denounce racialized violence and won a landmark case about mob violence in the Supreme Court. The NAACP supported outside strategies like writing news stories and mass demonstrations.

What services and protections does the United States provide to unauthorized immigrants?

Correct Answer(s) access to emergency medical care access to K-12 education Incorrect Answer(s) pathway to citizenship receiving Social Security

Place these major moments from civil rights history in order from earliest to most recent.

Dred Scott v. Sanford is decided. The Fourteenth Amendment is ratified. Plessy v. Ferguson is decided by the Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education is decided by the Supreme Court. The Voting Rights Act is passed.

Complete the following statement. In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled on two different University of Michigan cases related to affirmative action. They ruled that it was ____ vstitutional to use race as one of a number of considerations while also ruling that it was ____ to give minority applicants a specific number of bonus points in the application scoring system.

In 2003, the Supreme Court ruled on two different University of Michigan cases related to affirmative action. They ruled that it was constitutional to use race as one of a number of considerations while also ruling that it was unconstitutional to give minority applicants a specific number of bonus points in the application scoring system.

What was the primary outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention?

The convention called for women to have the right to vote.

In cases that involve racial discrimination, the Supreme Court uses the strict scrutiny test. This places the burden of proof on which party?

The government

Which of the following statements about the civil rights of Native Americans are correct? -The federal government has granted Native Americans equal representation in the House of Representatives relative to their population. -The federal government has recognized Native American sovereignty but still does not consider Native Americans to be full citizens. -Native American reservations are not subject to state laws prohibiting gambling. -Native Americans have the right to form their own state.

Native American reservations are not subject to state laws prohibiting gambling.

What 1890s Supreme Court case limited the influence of the Fourteenth Amendment? -Brown v. Board of Education -Dred Scott v. Sanford -Plessy v. Ferguson

Plessy v. Ferguson

Complete the following statement. ____ are sustained campaigns by disadvantaged populations in support of a political or social goal. Civil rights groups seek to promote change and to further the rights of disadvantaged populations through ____ .

Social movements are sustained campaigns by disadvantaged populations in support of a political or social goal. Civil rights groups seek to promote change and to further the rights of disadvantaged populations through collective action.

Which level of scrutiny must affirmative action policies now meet?

Strict scrutiny is the highest level of scrutiny the Court can apply.

Sort the following into descriptions of de facto or de jure segregation. -De Facto Segregation segregation resulting from housing patterns laws mandating separate dining facilities for minorities schools where students are predominantly of one race because of who lives in the neighborhoodP -De Jure Segregation policies restricting who can sit where on a public bus

--segregation resulting from housing patterns schools where students are predominantly of one race because of who lives in the neighborhood policies restricting who can sit where on a public bus laws mandating separate dining facilities for minorities

Which of the following statements best describes the Supreme Court's position on affirmative action in college admissions? The Supreme Court has ruled that college admissions must be determined without any consideration of race. The Supreme Court has tended to rule that racial quotas may be used in admissions for graduate admissions but not undergraduate admissions. The Supreme Court has tended to strike down admissions policies that employ rigid or mechanical quotas based on race, while upholding holistic admissions policies that take into account race and diversity but not in a mechanical way. The Supreme Court has ruled that the state has a compelling interest in promoting diversity and the only approach that will achieve this end is racial quotas.

The Supreme Court has tended to strike down admissions policies that employ rigid or mechanical quotas based on race, while upholding holistic admissions policies that take into account race and diversity but not in a mechanical way.

Which amendment granted women the right to vote?

19th amendment

What encouraged more legal action regarding the education of women?

The Supreme Court ruled that gender discrimination could result in monetary damages.

How did the Civil War and Reconstruction affect the rights of Black people in the United States? Complete the following statement. After the Civil War, three amendments to the Constitution ____civil rights for African Americans. Once Reconstruction ended, however, ____ severely restricted the rights of African Americans, with ____ states taking the lead in segregating many public facilities.

After the Civil War, three amendments to the Constitution expanded civil rights for African Americans. Once Reconstruction ended, however, Jim Crow laws severely restricted the rights of African Americans, with southern states taking the lead in segregating many public facilities.

Put the states in order from lowest percentage of foreign-born residents to highest percentage of foreign-born residents.

Alabama, Pennsylvania, Texas, New York

What congressional action did the Supreme Court use as their foundation for opposing sexual harassment? the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution the Lily Ledbetter Act Title IX of the 1972 Education Act Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Jim Crow laws enacted by southern states to discriminate against African Americans were upheld by the Supreme Court.

True

Match each amendment to its specific goal. 13/14/15 -guaranteed voting rights for Black men -abolished slavery -guaranteed equal protection of the laws

guaranteed voting rights for Black men Fifteenth abolished slavery Thirteenth guaranteed equal protection of the laws Fourteenth

In 1986, the Supreme Court recognized two types of sexual harassment. What are they?

quid pro quo hostile environment

Which of the following was the most important victory in the history of civil rights for disabled Americans?

the passage of the americans with disablities act

No Supreme Court ruling or national legislation explicitly protected gay and lesbian people from discrimination until 1996.

true

Which of these represent inside strategies taken by social movements to advance civil rights? • lobbying members of Congress to pass legislation • filing an amicus curiae brief in a court case • staging a protest to bring awareness to an injustice • lobbying the president to issue an executive order

• lobbying members of Congress to pass legislation • filing an amicus curiae brief in a court case • lobbying the president to issue an executive order