Chapter 05 – Digestion, Absorption, Metabolism

The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is A. Absorption of amino acids B. Absorption of water C. Metabolism of nutrients D. Excretion of undigested food

Absorption of water

If the following substances were present in the body at the same time, which would be metabolized first? A. Protein B. Carbohydrates C. Alcohol D. Cholesterol

Alcohol

If you chew piece of bread for a long time, it begins to taste sweet because of the action of the enzyme A. Pepsin B. Mucus C. Amylase D. Lipase

Amylase

The starch-splitting enzyme in the mouth is A. Pepsin B. Amylase C. Pancreatic lipase D. Hexokinase

Amylase

An emulsifying agent that aids fat digestion and absorption is A. Carboxypeptidase B. Insulin C. Bile D. Free fatty acids

Bile

The process in which large substances are broken down to form small particles in cells is called A. Anabolism B. Metabolism C. Active transport D. Catabolism

Catabolism

Upon admission to the hospital from hypothermia and starvation, a 23-year-old would most likely be in a state of ___. A. Catabolism B. Anabolism C. Glycogenesis D. Lipogenesis

Catabolism

A woman who has a large surgical resection of the small intestine would most likely have difficulty with ___. A. Storing bile B. Secreting pepsin C. Digesting food D. Producing chyme

Digesting food

Which substance is responsible for breaking down food in the digestion process? A. Mucus B. Electrolytes C. Bile D. Enzymes

Enzymes

A 45-year-old female is considering eating 2.5 times the recommended protein for her body to build more lean muscles. Which of the following would be an appropriate response? A. Encourage her to proceed because the extra protein will build more muscles B. Explain to her that excess protein intake is broken down and used for energy if needed or stored as fat C. Explain that the extra protein intake will build muscle as long as she increases calorie intake as well D. Encourage her to eat more fruit and vegetables rather than protein, to build muscle mass

Explain to her that excess protein intake is broken down and used for energy if needed or stored as fat

Which of the following types of substances are transported via the lymphatic system? A. Oxygen B. Water soluble nutrients C. Nitrogen D. Fat molecules

Fat molecules

Humans do not produce the enzymes needed to break down A. Maltose B. Starch C. Fiber D. Polypeptides

Fiber

Converting noncarbohydrate substances into glucose is called A. Gluconeogenesis B. Glycogenolysis C. Lipolysis D. Glycogenesis

Gluconeogenesis

Bioavailability is best defined as A. The amount of a nutrient in the body B. The amount of nutrients that are needed by the body. C. How well the body can absorb a nutrient D. The amount of nutrients that come from a food

How well the body can absorb a nutrient

One of the common causes of heartburn is A. Improper function of the gastroesophageal sphincter B. Too much gastric acid in the stomach C. Cardiac disease D. A problem with the pyloric valve

Improper function of the gastroesophageal sphincter

Compared with the pH in the small intestine, the pH in the stomach is A. Lower B. Higher C. The same D. Neutral

Lower

Fat molecules enter into the bloodstream through the A. Common bile duct B. Villi with the aid of bile C. Lymph vessels D. Main pancreatic duct

Lymph vessels

___ is an example of mechanical digestion. A. Mastication B. Amylase secretion C. Active transport D. Simple diffusion

Mastication

Phenylketonuria is caused by the inability to produce the enzyme needed to A. Digest proteins containing phenylalanine B. Metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine C. Activate the amino acid phenylalanine D. Store the amino acid phenylalanine

Metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine

The mucosal lining of the intestine is protected from irritation and erosion by secretions of A. Mucus B. Pepsin C. Amylase D. Sodium bicarbonate

Mucus

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fats during digestion? A. Salivary amylase B. Pancreatic lipase C. Secretin D. Pepsin

Pancreatic lipase

The part of the circulatory system that transport blood from the intestines to the liver is called the A. Systemic circulation system B. Portal circulation system C. Respiratory circulation system D. Enteric circulation system

Portal circulation system

Mastication is an important part of digestion because it A. Prepares the stomach to receive food B. Begins the process of digestion in the mouth C. Keeps the jaw muscles healthy D. Prepares the food for digestion by enzymes

Prepares the food for digestion by enzymes

The primary function of mucus in the digestion process is to A. Decrease of acidity B. Protect the tissues in the GI tract. C. Break down food into smaller particles D. Propel food through the GI tract

Protect the tissues in the GI tract.

Peptidases are enzymes that act on A. Starches B. Triglycerides C. Proteins D. Amino acids

Proteins

The hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is A. Estrogen B. Insulin C. Pancreatin D. Secretin

Secretin

An absorption process in which particles move outward in all directions from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration is called A. Active transport B. Simple diffusion C. Facilitated diffusion D. Pinocytosis

Simple diffusion

Chyme is the word used for the intestinal contents when they are in the A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Large intestine

Stomach

The process by which nutrients are taken into the vascular and lymphatic system is A. Digestion B. Cell metabolism C. Transport D. Absorption

Transport

The fingerlike projections in the small intestine that ensure maximal absorption of nutrients are called A. Rugae B. Villi C. Mucosal folds D. Columnar cells

Villi