Chapter 06

The process of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing ever closer approximations of the desired behavior is called:

shaping.

_____________ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

Operant conditioning

____________ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

Pavlov

The most influential psychologist to study operant conditioning was:

Skinner.

The root of operant conditioning may be traced to ____________'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.

Thorndike

Learning in which a new behavior is acquired but is not demonstrated until some incentive is provided for displaying it is known as ____________ learning.

latent

According to the text, the average child in the U.S. has viewed more than ___________ murders on network TV by the time he or she graduates from elementary school.

8,000

______________ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Classical conditioning

Psychologists use the term ___________ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.

learning

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

observational learning.