Chapter 1
Researchers at IBM think that employees who get to chose their own working hours will be more satisfied than those who do not. To test this idea, IBM employees at the Dallas facility are told that they can chose their own hours. Six months later, the satisfaction level of employees in the Dallas facility is compared to employees in the Knoxville facility. The employees in the Knoxville facility are considered the
Control Group
Which of the following represents the strongest correlation?
-.47
The level of statistical significance that we use in psychology is
.05
I/O psychology first started about
1903
In which decade were the hawthorne studies published
1930's
The _____ were characteristized by passage of several major pieces of civil rights legislation.
1960's
The majority of research in the field of I/O psychology is conducted at universities using students as subjects rather than employees. In fact, college students serve as subjects in approximately ____ percent of all published I/O research.
50%
To get accepted into a graduate program in I/O psychology, a student usually must take which of the following standardized tests?
GRE
The _____ were a husband and wife team who were among the first scientists to improve productivity and reduce fatigue by studying the motions used by workers.
Gilbreths
Changes in employee behavior that result from an employee being studied or receiving increased attention from managers is called the
Hawthorne effect
_______ is a method of reaching conclusions based on the statistical combination of several previous research studies.
Meta-analysis
A researcher sent a survey containing 5 questions to a sample of 500 employees. The wording was easy to understand and the researcher offered a financial incentive yet few employees returned the survey. What might be the reason for this low response?
None of the three is a reasonable explanation
Regardless of the official start date, I/O psychology was born in the
early 1900s
If a researcher calculated a correlation coefficient of r = 1.27 between two variables, you would conclude that there is a(n)
error in the calculation
The most powerful research method is the
experimental method
What field research gains in _______ it loses in _______.
external validity / control
The variable that is manipulated in an experiment is the ________ variable.
independent
Manipulating the _____ best distinguishes experimental research methods from other research methods.
independent variable
In an experiment designed to test the effect of noise on employee performance, noise is the ______ and employee performance is the ______.
independent variable/dependent variable
In an experiment designed to test the effect of noise on employee performance, noise is the ______ and employee performance is the ______.
independent/dependent variable
To ensure that subjects are participating in a study of their own free will, researchers must obtain
informed consent from the participant
To ensure ethical treatment of subjects, universities have
institutional review boards
The use of correlational analysis does not allow you to infer a cause and effect relationship. This is because a third variable, a(n) ______ variable, often accounts for the relationship between the two variables.
intervening
The main difference between a quasi-experiment and an experiment is that the independent variable
is manipulated in an experiment
Which of the following contain articles usually written by professional writers who have little expertise in a given field?
magazines
The statistical "averaging" of effect sizes across previous empirical studies defines:
meta-analysis
The study of leadership is part of
organizational psychology
The statistical significance of research results tell us the probability that
our results were due to chance
I/O Psychology examines factors that affect the ______ in an organization, whereas business field examine the broader aspect of running an organization.
people
A large research sample is nice to have, however, it may not be necessary if the experimenter can choose a ______ sample and control for many of the ______ variable.
random / extraneous
A large research sample is nice to have, however, it may not be necessary if the experimenter can choose a ______ sample and control for many of the ______ variables.
random / extraneous
A _____ implies that each person in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
random sample
According to your text, the most important reason for the reliance on research is that it ultimately
saves an organization money
Conducting a literature review means
seeing if similar research has been conducted
An effect size (d) of .20 is considered
small
Significance levels tell us the ______ significance of a study and effect size tells us the _______ of a study.
statistical / practical significance
Even though they lack control, ____ are used due to ____ reasons.
quasi-experiments/ethical & practical
Which of the following will increase the response rates to mailed surveys?
All will increase response rates
Which of the following would a student in a doctoral program usually have to complete but a student in a master's program would not?
Dissertation
Which of the following survey methods has the lowest response rate?
Which of the following research methods can determine a cause and effect relationship?
Experimental methods
A researcher finds a strong correlation between job satisfaction and performance. What can he conclude from this correlation?
Satisfaction and performance are related
In a ______ ethical dilemma, there is a high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong.
Type A
Meta-analyses looking at the difference between two groups would use ___ as the effect size whereas meta-analyses looking at the relationship between two variables would use ___ as the effect size.
d/r
Which of the following was NOT a reason why you should understand research and statistics?
all of these are reasons
Hypotheses are based on
all three of these
Which of the following research methods uses previously collected company records?
archival
If I went through my employee files to determine what type of person makes the best employee, I would probably be conducting
archival research
The Harvard Business Review is an example of a
bridge publication
The variable that we expect to change as a result of our manipulation is called the
dependent variable
If researchers have trouble forming a hypothesis, they
conduct an exploratory study
Most research in industry uses ______ sample.
convenience sample
A teacher wants to see if there are any differences in the test scores of students who take her exam on the computer and those who take her exam the traditional paper and pencil way. Students with an odd digit at the end of their student ID number are required to take her midterm exam on the computer and those with an even digit are required to take a paper and pencil exam. Her study has a _____ sample with _____.
convenience/random assignment
In a meta-analysis conducted to see if a particular training method is better than another, the proper effect size to use would be
d
The greatest number of Ph.D. I/O psychologists work in
universities