Chapter 1: Biology: The Science of Life

Which of the following problems would be most logically tested using an experiment?

The effectiveness of antibiotic A or B against a bacterium linked to a disease

Which of the following best defines homeostasis?

The maintenance of normal internal conditions within certain boundaries

Biology studies the diversity of life, and its unifying characteristics, which include:

ability to reproduce and develop. ability to respond to stimuli. levels of organization. ability to acquire materials and energy. ability to maintain an internal environment. ability to adapt and evolve to changing conditions.

A modification in structure, function, or behavior in an organism that suits that organism's environment is called a(n)

adaptation

Prokaryotic organisms known as ____ live almost anywhere - water, soil, atmosphere, and inside and on other organisms.

bacteria, bacterium, Archaea, or Eubacteria

The scientific study of life is called

biology

Which of the following currently contribute to climate change and global warming?

burning fossil fuels destruction of forests

Small molecules are combined to form larger ones which can eventually form a ______.

cell

The smallest unit that displays the properties of life is called a(n)

cell

Rank the levels of organization from least inclusive (smallest) to most inclusive (largest), beginning with the least inclusive at the top of the list and the most inclusive at the bottom of the list

cell tissue organ organ system organism

If you were to rank the levels of biological organization, starting with the most basic unit of life and moving to the most complex level, you would start at the _________ level.

cellular

What was the most significant component in the discovery of penicillin?

chance

The statement made following an experiment as to whether or not a hypothesis is supported is called a

conclusion

Identify the characteristics that can be used to describe a protist?

decomposers ingest their food photosynthetic

When traced toward their ends, the branches on an evolutionary tree lead to

descendants

The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment is called the experimental

design

Multicellular organisms reproduce when they combine a sperm and a(n)

egg

A good experimental design

ensures that scientists are testing what they want to test. will produce meaningful results.

An evolutionary adaptation suits an organism to its

environment

The ________ determines which traits are adaptive during the process of natural selection.

environment

A(n) ______ tree traces the ancestry of life on Earth to a common ancestor.

evolutionary

A series of procedures designed to test a hypothesis is called a(n)

experiment

When scientists are trying to determine if a hypothesis is accurate or not, they will design a scientific _______.

experiment

According to the evolutionary tree shown here, the taxonomic group ____ are most closely related to animals.

fungi

A reemerging disease

has caused a disease in humans, but has been relatively rare in human populations

The maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism is called

homeostasis

Which of the following ideas could be logically investigated using a scientific experiment?

how caffeine consumption influences blood pressure the effect of light on the growth of bread mold which type of car gets the best gas mileage

Scientists report their findings to other scientists by publishing them in scientific

journal

Which of the following would be studied under the field of Biology?

life cells animals

Penicillin is an antibacterial substance produced by a

mold

The mechanism of evolution that causes a population to become better adapted to its environment is called

natural selection

The first step in the scientific method is ______.

observation

Cells, tissues, populations, and ecosystems are all examples of the levels of biological ________ of life.

organization or hierarchy

Plants and some other organisms capture the energy of the sun through a process called

photosynthesis

A multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryote that is typically adapted to life on land is a(n)

plant

Technological advances are often due to

scientific investigation.

The science of classifying organisms according to their presumed evolutionary relationships is called

systematics

The branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms is called

taxonomy

While on a research trip to the rainforest, you discover a new species of frog. Which field of science will help you classify and name this new species?

taxonomy

The application of scientific knowledge for a practical purpose is called

technology

Based on molecular evidence there are _____ domains of life.

three

The level of organization that comes after the cellular level is the _____.

tissue

Which domain is most likely found in our mouth?

Bacteria

It is estimated that around 8.7 million species exist on Earth, approximately _____ million of which have been identified.

2.3

Atmospheric CO2 has risen from 280 parts per million in 1850 to over _____ 1ppm today.

400

How many species are believed to exist on earth?

8.7 million

Which domains contain prokaryotes?

Archaea Bacteria

Photosynthesis is a process that transforms _________ energy into _________ energy in the form of nutrient molecules.

Blank 1:solar, light, sun, or sunlight Blank 2: chemical

Reemerging diseases, ______ , which underwent an outbreak in West Africa in 2014 and 2015, are known to have caused illness in humans for some time, but has remained at a relatively low incidence in human populations.

Ebola

Which factors are components of natural selection?

Environmental change. Population changing in response to the environment.

True or false: Animals can be described as being mostly single celled eukaryotes.

False

True or false: Both domain Archaea and domain Eukarya contain organisms having cells with nuclei.

False

Eukaryotic organisms that are typically single celled and live in a wide range of habitats are likely members of which group?

Protists

Which of the following is a characteristic of life?

Responsiveness

Which of the following is not typically associated with plants?

Single celled

Which statement best describes prokaryotes?

Structurally simple but metabolically complex.

Indicate the reasons why studies are reviewed by other scientists before they are published in a journal.

To ensure that the study was accurate. To make sure the research was well executed.

True or false: Domain is the largest, most inclusive category used by taxonomists when they classify organisms.

True

True or false: Evolutionary relationships that are uncovered through systematics sometimes bring about changes in the taxonomy of a given organism.

True

True or false: In the scientific method, observations are generally made before and after a hypothesis is developed.

True

True or false: Organization is a characteristic shared by all living things.

True

True or false: Some biologists refer to the theory of evolution as a principle because of how strongly it has been supported.

True

Scientific ____ is the term used for a scientific theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists.

principle or law

An organism, like a bacterium or archaean, that lacks a membrane-bounded nucleus and membranous organelles is called a(n)

prokaryotes

Which of the following refer to the conclusion reached following a single scientific experiment?

relates to the original hypothesis can lead to the development of a new hypothesis

The ability of an organism to make a copy of itself is called

reproduction

An organism interacts with its environment to obtain energy and/or nutrients. This interaction is known as the organism's _____ to its environment.

response