Chapter 1

Tobacco smoking and the high blood pressure it often causes are responsible for how many deaths in the United States each year?

1 in 5

The development of self-esteem is an important part of intellectual health.

False

Why is it important for goals to be specific and measurable?

Goals are more effective when they are specific and measurable.

Barriers __________.

are things or people that get in the way of your behavior-change success

Which change model was created to illustrate how firmly held ideas affect behavior change?

health belief model

The two leading causes of death among the overall U.S. population are __________.

heart disease and cancer

Prior to the 1900s, what was the leading cause of death in America?

infectious disease

Once you have identified a target behavior that needs to change, your next step is to

learn more about the behavior, its effects, and possible obstacles.

The perceived source and underlying cause of events in a person's life is that individual's __________.

locus of control

Setting up a small reward to encourage yourself to complete each week's exercise goal is an example of

positive reinforcement

Mortality rate is defined as the __________.

proportion of deaths to population

Support from others to change a behavior is an example of a(n)

reinforcing factor

To make a goal measurable, __________.

use criteria that are clear to anyone, such as specific actions or numbers, to evaluate your success

The word health is often used to mean the same as __________.

wellness

Excessive drug and alcohol consumption and poor sleep habits are the primary modifiable determinants related to chronic diseases.

False

Spiritual health can only be achieved through an organized religion.

False

Which dimension of health includes characteristics such as body size and function?

Physical

Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiative? 1. Promoting better quality of life for infants and children only 2. Achieving health equity 3. Creating a physical environment that promotes health 4. Creating a social environment that promotes health

Promoting better quality of life for infants and children only

Which of the following strategies will help you meet your specific and measurable goals?

Set short-term goals to help you meet the long-term goal.

Which of the following is part of planning a realistic timeline?

Set short-term goals.

Which of the following is NOT a good strategy when journaling about the last time you strayed from your behavior change? 1. Think about how you could have changed the people in the situation. 2. Think about how the people around you were at fault for the situation. 3. Think about how you could have changed the situation. 4. Think about what you can do in a similar situation in the future to avoid the unwanted outcome or to produce a positive, healthy outcome.

Think about how the people around you were at fault for the situation.

Healthy weight loss is 1.5-2 pounds per week. What is a realistic two-week mini-goal?

a weight loss of 3-4 pounds in two weeks

Social factors, biology and genetics, individual behavior, health services, and policymaking all combine to determine a person's health status.

True

All of the following contribute to health disparities in America EXCEPT __________. 1. access to the Internet 2. race and ethnicity 3. inadequate health insurance 4. sexual orientation

access to the internet

Once you've made a successful behavior change and are moving into the Maintenance stage, it is important to __________.

adopt your new image

Dante's friends are all active and enjoy various forms of exercise such as hiking, bike-riding, and going to the gym. As a result, he exercises more than he used to. This is an example of __________.

an enabling factors

Learning specific behaviors by watching others perform them is known as __________.

modeling

The stage of change a smoker is in when he or she has no intention of quitting is

precontemplation

A person whose parents smoke is more likely to smoke based on this being a(n)

predisposing factor

A view of health that sees the development of disease as resulting from an individual's interaction with his or her social and physical environment is the __________.

public health model

When Marta's sister gives her affectionate hugs and praises her for her accomplishments, this is an example of which type of positive reinforcer?

social reinforcer

Mrs. J. is trying to get her third-grade students to remember to have their homework signed by a parent before bringing it to class. Students who remember every day for a month receive a gift card from a local bookstore. This is an example of a(n)

possessional reinforcer

Actions that increase susceptibility to negative health outcomes are known as __________.

risk behaviors

An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task successfully is the quality known as __________.

self-efficacy

The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is

shaping

Laura now sets time aside to read to her daughter each night before bedtime. This behavior will enhance her daughter's __________.

social health

One's sense of belonging and being is known as __________.

spiritual health

All of the following are components of "SMART" EXCEPT __________. superficial time-oriented measurable realistic

superficial

Which of the following is NOT a way to deal with a lack of motivation to eat healthy foods? 1. Go "cold turkey" on sweets. 2. Ask yourself what effect proper nutrition will have on your body. 3. Read up on why eating healthy foods is good for you. 4. Record how you feel when you eat well versus when you do not.

1. Go "cold turkey" on sweets.

Which of the following is a good strategy for dealing with barriers to behavior change? 1. Remember that in well-planned behavior change, barriers should not arise. 2. Use short-term goals to eliminate barriers. 3. Make one simple plan for dealing with all your barriers. 4. Anticipate barriers in advance.

Anticipate barriers in advance.

Which of the following is NOT one of the top ten reported impediments to academic performance? Excessive exercise Sleep difficulties Stress Depression

Excessive exercise

Which of the following is helpful when planning the Maintenance stage of your behavior change? 1. Don't change anything about your plan during the Action stage of your change since it was effective. 2. Work harder on the strategies that were not helpful during the Action stage of your change. 3. Look at what worked and didn't work during the Action stage of your change and renegotiate items if necessary. 4. Create a new plan that is completely different from what you did in the Action stage of your change.

Look at what worked and didn't work during the Action stage of your change and renegotiate items if necessary.

Manuela joined a group exercise class. Her instructor, who was formerly inactive and overweight, participates with the class and also shares personal fitness strategies. In class, Manuela tries to emulate her instructor's moves, and she has also become more physically active as part of her daily routine. Which technique is Manuela using to reach her goal of becoming more fit?

Modeling

A risk behavior is some type of action that increases the chances of a negative health outcome.

True

One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and physical environments that promote health.

True

Which of the following is considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the twentieth century?

Vaccinations

Missy is motivated to lose weight. She has begun taking a 30-minute walk every morning, has worked with a nutrition counselor to design a new diet, and on Monday will begin following new eating plan. According to the transtheoretical model of behavior change, Missy is in a stage of

action

Jesse regards walking outdoors with a friend as a sociable and relaxing activity. How she thinks about this activity is her __________.

belief

What is the leading cause of death and disability in America today?

chronic diseases

Johan decides to stop eating at fast food restaurants at lunchtime and to pack a healthy lunch instead. This behavior change is an example of __________.

countering

In any behavior change plan, stumbling blocks are possible. Which of the following can become barriers to behavior change? 1. Overambitious goals 2. Having support from family and friends 3. Self-efficacy 4. Having a positive attitude

overambitious goals

Americans without health insurance are more likely to _____________ than Americans with health insurance are.

delay medical treatment

Achievable timelines do all of the following EXCEPT __________. 1. increase feelings of self-efficacy 2. show you positive changes 3. eliminate barriers to change 4. increase self-esteem

eliminate barriers to change

One of the most important goals of Healthy People 2020 is to

eliminate health disparities and improve the health of all population groups.

The ability to make responsible decisions and solve problems is known as __________.

intellectual health

Lower health insurance rates for nonsmokers is an example of a(n)

manipulative reinforcer

A sedentary lifestyle, overuse of caffeine, and risky sexual practices are examples of

modifiable determinants of health.

All EXCEPT which of the following are components of health? 1. environmental health 2. occupational health 3. social health 4. intellectual health

occupational health

Which of the following is an essential prerequisite for changing a behavior?

wanting to change