Chapter 1: Intro to Nursing

A 9-year-old child asks the nurse why he keeps breathing while he is asleep. The nurse knows which of the following gases stimulate normal respiration? Oxygen Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Helium Nitrogen

Carbon dioxide

The nurse is providing education about reducing the risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens during venipuncture. Which statements by a student indicates the need for additional education? Select all that apply. "To reduce my chances of being stuck by a contaminated needle, I should recap the used needle promptly." "The only way to protect myself from hepatitis B infection is to observe standard precautions with every venipuncture." "I should use self-retracting needles whenever possible." "I should always identify which patients have hepatitis B or HIV prior to any procedure that may expose me to their blood or body fluids." "I should make sure my hepatitis B vaccinations are complete."

"To reduce my chances of being stuck by a contaminated needle, I should recap the used needle promptly." "The only way to protect myself from hepatitis B infection is to observe standard precautions with every venipuncture." "I should always identify which patients have hepatitis B or HIV prior to any procedure that may expose me to their blood or body fluids."

1. A 32-year-old construction worker is admitted to the emergency department after suffering a heat stroke. Which of the following IV solutions would the nurse expect the physician would order?

. A solution of normal saline

1. Nursing has evolved throughout the ages. Nurses in the 21st century face a variety of challenges, and technology is in the forefront of the profession. Which force affects the current nurse most?

. client privacy issues within the social media realm b. Technology allows nurses to connect to clients in new ways, but it also provides new challenges such as maintaining client privacy and developing human connections with clients we may never see face-to-face. Social media has few regulatory controls which prohibit the client of posting information about themselves on public sites. Nurses have been using electronic devices in health care including the electrocardiogram, vital sign machines, and bladder scanners. The computerized order entry system has reduced medication errors as the physician can use the keyboard for spelling and not having to decipher handwriting. Super bugs, such as MRSA, can be contained by effective hand-washing techniques which is not technologically sound.

1. The nurse that has been in practice for 15 years is able to use intuition when providing care to clients and also utilizes resources and demands to attain specific goals. According to Author Patricia Benner, in From Novice to Expert (1984), what stage of practice is the nurse displaying? x

1. The nurse that has been in practice for 15 years is able to use intuition when providing care to clients and also utilizes resources and demands to attain specific goals. According to Author Patricia Benner, in From Novice to Expert (1984), what stage of practice is the nurse displaying? a. Expert b. In From Novice to Expert, Patricia Benner (1984) discussed socialization and skill acquisition in nursing. A nurse passes through five levels of proficiency when acquiring and developing nursing skill: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Differences in each level reflect changes in three areas of skill performance. In the first area, the novice and advanced beginner nurse moves from relying on abstract principles to using concrete experiences. The second area involves a change from seeing situations in parts to seeing them more conceptually, or as a whole occurs with a competent and proficient nurse. Finally, in the third area, the nurse is no longer outside the situation observing but is directly involved and uses intuition. This process takes 5 to 10 years after graduation and is considered an expert.

The director of nursing (DON) of a major hospital is seeking to hire a nurse with a strong technical background to care for clients on a busy surgical unit. The DON is most likely going to hire a nurse prepared at which level of nursing? Doctoral level Master's level Baccalaureate level Associate level

Associate Level

Which nursing actions demonstrate the aim of nursing to promote health? (Select all that apply.) Increasing student awareness of sexually transmitted diseases by distributing informational pamphlets at a college health center Performing diagnostic measurements and examinations in an outpatient setting Serving as a role model of health for patients by maintaining a healthy weight Helping a person with paraplegia learn how to use a wheelchair Facilitating decisions about lifestyles that would enhance the well-being of a teenager Administering an insulin shot to a diabetic patient

Increasing student awareness of sexually transmitted diseases by distributing informational pamphlets at a college health center Serving as a role model of health for patients by maintaining a healthy weight Facilitating decisions about lifestyles that would enhance the well-being of a teenager

The nurse and a student are discussing entry into the profession of nursing. Which statement should the nurse use to describe a diploma program? "It is obtained by a 36-month program at a community college." "It is obtained through a 2-year program at a university." "It is obtained by a 24-month program at a hospital." "It is obtained by a 4-year program at a university."

It is obtained by a 24-month program at a hospital." Diploma programs are obtained through a hospital program and take 24 to 36 months. Associate degrees are obtained through a community college and take 2 academic or calendar years. Baccalaureate degrees are obtained through a 4-year degree at a senior college or university.

A nurse practicing in the early Christian period might perform which nursing action characteristic of this era? Carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest-physician Making organized visits to the sick Providing physical care and herbal remedies to the mother of a family Providing nursing care in lieu of serving a jail sentence

Making organized visits to the sick

The nurse understands that for nursing to be considered a profession, many things need to be in place. Which element is not part of those considerations? Well-defined body of knowlege Strong service orientation Code of ethics Ongoing research Multidisciplinary approach

Multidisciplinary approach Having a well-defined body of knowledge, strong service orientation, a code of ethics, ongoing research, a professional organization that sets standards, autonomy and self regulation, and recognized authority by a professional group are all criteria for a profession. Having a multidisciplinary approach is not a criteria of a profession.

1. The student nurse is changing the bed linens of a hospitalized patient. While placing the contaminated materials into the laundry bag, the outside of the bag is touched by the material. What should the student nurse do next?

Obtain another laundry bag and place the contaminated bag inside while in the patient's room.

1. During the Christian era, nursing care excluded which area?

Psychiatric services b. During the Christian era nursing focused on many of the same areas that nursing focuses on today, but excluded psychiatric services. Areas of focus included nutrition, mobility, medication administration, personal counseling, hygiene, and comfort measures.

The nurse is assessing the IV infusion of a patient. The nurse notes the IV is positional and only runs well if the patient's arm is straightened. What is the priority action by the nurse in order to complete the infusion? Secure the arm to an arm board. Remind the patient to keep the arm straight. Remove the IV and restart the infusion from another, more stable site. Notify the health care provider Ask the family member at the bedside to hold the patient's arm straight.

Secure the arm to an arm board.

A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which statement regarding scope of practice should the nurse keep in mind? The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses. The nurse oversees the care coordination of a group of clients. This requires at least a doctoral degree education. The nurse practices only with a private practitioner.

The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses.

1. The nurse would take which actions to comply with principles of medical asepsis? Select all that apply a. Wash hands before and after assisting patient with person hygiene b. Wear gown and gloves when working with patient on contact precautions c. Recap needle after administering insulin d. Insert needle into rubber port of a previously used multi-dose vial without swabbing with alcohol e. Use surgical face mask while working with patients who have tuberculosis

Wash hands before and after assisting patient with person hygiene Wear gown and gloves when working with patient on contact precautions

A physician tells the nurse that nursing is a discipline, but not a profession. Which criteria should the nurse utilize to demonstrate that nursing is increasingly recognized as a profession? Select all that apply. Well-defined body of knowledge Code of ethics Ongoing research Regulation by the medical profession Sets standards

Well-defined body of knowledge Code of ethics Ongoing research Sets standards

1. Which contributed to the advancement of the nursing profession after World War II?

a. Advanced nursing education was established.

1. Which scenario is the best example of the nurse in the role of teacher/educator? .

a. Assessing if the client is able to perform a dressing change b. When in the role of teacher/educator, the nurse uses communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate teaching plans to meet the learning needs of clients and their families. The nurse assessing if a client is able to perform a dressing change is assessing the need for education on how to perform the dressing change. Teaching a first-grader to read is an example of the nurse teaching; the teaching of children to read is not within the scope of nursing practice. Communication of discharge status is an example of the nurse as a communicator. Conducting research is an example of the role of the nurse as a researcher

1. The nurse is conducting a class for nursing assistants. One of the students asks the nurse why blood pressure, pulse, and temperature are called "vital signs". Which of the following explanations would the nurse offer the student?

a. Because significant deviation from normal is not compatible with life. b. Temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure are considered the vital signs because significant deviations from normal ranges are not compatible with life.

1. The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was established by whom?

a. Dorothea Dix

1. One of the role's that the nurse has in practice is that of a communicator. What attributes by the nurse demonstrate that is characteristic of this role?

a. Establishing and maintaining helping relationships with clients of all ages in a variety of settings b. The nurse acting in the role of communicator uses effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with clients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings. The nurse in the role of the teacher/educator uses communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patients and their families. The nurse in the role of counselor uses therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate the patient's problem-solving and decision-making skills. The nurse in the role of leader is assertive, self-confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups.

1. The nurse is documenting the client's response to a medication. This action reflects a practice that was started by which key figure in nursing's history?

a. Florence Nightingale

1. The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which of nursing's key people's contributions to nursing?

a. Florence Nightingale

1. The nurse preparing a lecture on the history of nursing should include which international organization as the first for professional nurses?

a. International Council of Nurses

1. The registered nurse is teaching a community health class about illness prevention. Which statement reflects understanding of this concept?

a. It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class.

1. Attracting minorities to the profession of nursing is an important consideration for the future of nursing. Which key historical nursing figure set a precedent in this area?

a. Mary Eliza Mahoney

1. The nurse working with an LPN understands which of the following about LPNs?

a. Must take licensure exam

1. A 32-year-old construction worker is admitted to the emergency department after suffering a heat stroke. Which of the following IV solutions would the nurse expect the physician would order?

a. Normal Saline

1. A nursing student wants to take up an advanced specialty nursing role. Which role is included in advanced specialty nursing?

a. Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses. b. Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses. Nurse midwives are also registered nurses, but not licensed practice nurses. Nurse midwives care for women with uncomplicated pregnancies, not complicated pregnancies. Nurse anesthetists cannot have independent practices. They work under the supervision of an anesthesiologist.

1. The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?

a. Nursing process b. Nursing process is used to identify the client's strengths, limitations, and health care needs, to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs, to implement that plan of care, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the practice of nursing. Nursing's Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing's knowledge base, as well as the methods by which nursing is regulated.

1. A nurse incorporates the health promotion guidelines established by the U.S. Department of Health document Healthy People 2010. Which disease/condition is a health indicator discussed in this document?

a. Obesity

1. Which scenario is the best example of a nurse implementing care according to the ANA standards of practice?

a. Providing nutrition teaching to a client with diabetes b. According to the ANA standards of practice, standard 5 is implementation. This is when the registered nurse implements the identified plan, coordinates care delivery, and employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment. When providing nutrition education to a client with diabetes, the nurse is implementing the teaching plan. When the nurse is analyzing a client's blood glucose level or taking a pulse rate, the nurse is performing the standard related to assessment. When the nurse is determining that a client is at risk for falls, the nurse is implementing the standard relating to diagnosis.

1. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding?

a. Refer the mother for a home care visit.

1. The nurse asks a client about his spiritual health. Which statement best explains the standard of care utilized by the nurse?

a. The RN collects comprehensive data. b. The standard being exemplified is Standard 1: Assessment: The RN collects comprehensive data. Spiritual assessment is part of the comprehensive assessment data collection. The RN may pray with a client and/or collaborate with spiritual healers, but it is not part of the standards of care. The RN typically does not provide spiritual counseling.

1. Which of the following is the best example of client-centered approach to care?

a. The nurse asks the client about his health goals.

1. The American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Professional Nursing Practice provides standard of care for all nurses. Which statement on the assessment of the nursing process is accurate?

a. The nurse collects comprehensive data pertinent to the client's health or situation

1. A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state?

a. applying for a reciprocal license in the new state

1. A nurse is discussing the history of the profession with a client and describes that a shift in societal focus from religion to warfare had a negative impact on nursing due to:

b. female criminals recruited as nurses. a. As many Western societies shifted from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare, this led to a tremendous shortage of people to care for the sick. To meet this need, women who were convicted of crimes were recruited into nursing in lieu of serving jail sentences. In addition to having a poor reputation, nurses received low pay and worked long hours in unfavorable conditions.

What current trends in nursing practice are increasingly being recognized? inpatient psychiatric units. birthing centers. homeless shelters. ambulatory surgery centers.

birthing centers Current trends in nursing practice include the development of nursing centers, wellness promotion programs, care of older adults, birthing centers, and home and community health care.

Trends in managed care have resulted in an increased focus on the care of clients by nurses in which settings? Community-based settings Hospital settings Critical care units Long-term care settings

community-based settings

1. Which of following are approved as nursing diagnoses? Select all that apply. Congestive heart failure abdominal hernia Impaired Skin Integrity Caregiver Role Strain Compromised Family Coping

i. Impaired Skin Integrity ii. Caregiver Role Strain iii. Compromised Family Coping

1. Which actions by the nurse comply with core principles of surgical asepsis? Select all that apply. • A Wash hand before and after patient care. • B Keep sterile field in view at all times. • C Wear personal protective equipment. • D Add contents to sterile field holding package 6 inches above field. • E Consider the outer 1" of sterile field as contaminated.

keep sterile filed in view at all times consider the outer 1" of sterile filed as contaminated

Which individual provided community-based care and founded public health nursing? mary adelaide nutting lillian wald sojourner truth clara barton

lillian wald

Which Standards of Professional Performance, as defined by the ANA, has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services? Resource Utilization Leadership Practice Evaluation Communication

resource utilization