Chapter 1- Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations

o Systems Implementation

places solution into effect

• System Analysis

understand solutions

o Support

user assistance in hardware and software acquisition and use, data administration, user training and assistance, and web administration.

• Electronic business (e-business)

using information systems and the internet to perform all business related tasks and functions.

• Computer Based Information System (CBIS)

A SINGLE SET OF HARDWARE, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

• Technology Infrastructure

ALL the hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

• DBMS

Database Management System- software used to manage the database

• MSS

Model Management System- used to manage the model base

• SCM

Supply chain management- helps determine what supplies are required for the value chain, what quantities are needed for customer demand, how the supplies should be made into finished goods, and how the shipment of supplies and products should be scheduled, monitored, and controlled.

• Knowledge base

a collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome.

• Information

a collection of facts organized and processed so that they have additional value beyond the value of the individual facts.

• Artificial Intelligence

a field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of human intelligence.

• Organization

a formation collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals. o Providing value to stakeholders (customer, supplier, manager, shareholder, or employee) is the #1 goal of an organization.

• Productivity

a measure of the output achieved divided by the input required.

o Information Service Unit

a miniature IS department attached and directly reporting to a functional area in a large organization.

• Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

a model that specifies that factors that can lead to better attitudes about an information system, along with higher acceptance and usage of it.

• Extranet

a network based on Web technologies, which allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company's intranet.

• Certification

a process for testing skills and knowledge, which results in a statement by the certifying authority that confirms an individual, is capable of performing particular tasks.

• Value chain

a series (chain) of activities that include inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production and manufacturing, finished production storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service.

• Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

a set of integrated programs that manages the vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization.

• Information system (IS)

a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective.

• Process

a set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome. The steps we take to turn data into information.

• Culture

a set of major understandings and assumptions shared by a group such as within an ethnic group or a country.

• Competitive Advantage

a significant and ideally long term benefit to a company over its competition.

o Information Center

a support function that provides users with assistance, training, application development, documentation, equipment selection and startup, standards, technical assistance, and troubleshooting.

• Expert System

a system that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and function like an expert in a particular field.

• Five Forces Model

a widely accepted model that identifies five key factors that can lead to the attainment of competitive advantage

• Strategic Allegiance (strategic partnership)

an agreement between two or more companies that involves the joint production and distribution of goods and services.

• Intranet

an internal network based on Web technologies, which allows people within an organization to exchange information and work on projects.

• Database

an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files.

• Management Information System (MIS)

an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices that provides routine information to managers and decision makers.

• Knowledge Management System (KMS)

an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices to create, store, share, and use the organization's knowledge and experience.

• Knowledge management system

an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to create, store, and use the organization's knowledge and experience.

• Transaction processing system (TPS)

an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to perform and record business transactions.

• Decision Support System (DSS)

an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem specific decision making.

• Transaction

any business related exchange such as payments to employees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers

• Electronic Commerce (ecommerce)

any business transaction executed electronically between companies (b2b), companies and consumers (b2c), consumer to consumer (c2c), business and the public sector, and consumers and the public sector.

• Hardware

computer equipment used to perform input, processing, storage, and output activities.

• Network

computers and equipment that are connected in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.

• Processing

converting or transforming data into useful outputs

• CRM

customer relationship management- marketing, advertising, sales, customer service, and programs to retain loyalty.

• Knowledge workers

engineering, business, science, and other professionals

• Systems Maintenance and Review

evaluate results of solution.

o Application software

ex. Microsoft Office, allows users to accomplish a specific task

o System software

ex. Microsoft Windows, controls basic computer operations such as startup and printing.

o Return on Investment (ROI)

one measure of IS value that investigates the additional profits or benefits that are generated as a percentage of the investment in IS technology.

• Organization change

how for-profit and nonprofit organizations plan for, implement, and handle change.

• Feedback

information from the system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities.

• Forecasting

predicting future events to avoid problems.

o Operations

primarily run and maintain IS equipment.

• Output

production of useful information, usually in the form of documents and reports.

• Data

raw facts, such as an employee number, total hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders.

• Systems Design

select and plan best solution

o Systems Development

specific development of projects and ongoing maintenance and review.

• Systems development

the activity of creating or modifying information systems. hope is to reduce costs and achieve a competitive advantage.

• Input

the activity of gathering and capturing raw data

• Knowledge

the awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.

• Software

the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer.

• Telecommunications

the electronic transmission of signals for communications that enables organizations to carry out their processes and task through effective computer networks.

• Organization culture

the major understandings and assumptions for a business, corporation, or other organization.

• Virtual reality

the simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions.

• Procedures

the strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a Computer Based Information System (CBIS).

o Total Cost of Ownership

the sum of all costs over the life of an information system, including the cost of acquiring components such as the technology, technical support, administrative costs, and end user operations.

• Mobile Commerce (m-commerce)

the use of mobile, wireless devices to place orders and conduct business.

• Internet

the world's largest computer network, consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information.

o Systems Investigation

understand problem