Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing - PrepU

The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state which of the following?

"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces."

Changes from nursing in the past

*These days, clients enter the healthcare system acutely ill. *Hospital stays are much shorter. *Nurses in the past relied on intuition to make decisions. Today, they have specific knowledge developed through research and evidence-based practice. *The healthcare delivery system is more, controversial now.

A 30-year-old client is admitted to the health care facility with back pain. Which of the following statements should the nurse use while counseling a client with back pain?

"Maintain good body posture while sitting."

caring

*Assisting a lactating mother in feeding her baby is an example of a _________ skill. *The client needs assistance in performing activities of daily life. This would require implementation of __________ skills from the nurse.

comforting

*Encouraging a client to walk without support can be both a ____________ skill and a caring skill. *____________ skills involve providing safety and security

Nurse Practice Act

-Law established to regulate nursing practice -Laws established in each state that regulate the practice of nursing . The laws are worded broadly and vary in content from state to state but all have CERTAIN ELEMENTS IN COMMON. 1.)protect the public by defining legal scope of nursing practice allowing for trained persons only. 2.)Create a board of nursing or regulatory body. 3.)Defines important terms and activities and nursing including some titles and legalities. 4.) Establish proper criteria for education and licensure

Standards

-Rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given. -They ensure knowledgeable, safe, and comprehensive nursing care.

subordinate to men

Women were viewed as ______ __ ___ and were expected to remain at home caring for children; this decreased the number of qualified women practicing nursing.

caring

.Giving a back massage is a _______ skill.

The role of the nurse developed from the pre-civilization era, through the eras signifying the beginning of civilization, the beginning of the 16th century, the 18th and 19th centuries, and the World War II era to the present. Place the following roles of the nurse listed below in the correct chronologic order to follow this timeline.

1. Nurses were portrayed as a mother, caring for family and delivering physical care and health remedies. 2. Nurses were viewed as slaves, carrying out menial tasks based on the orders of the priest. 3. There was a shortage of nurses; criminals were recruited as nurses; nursing was viewed as disreputable. 4. Florence Nightingale elevated nursing to a respected occupation and founded modern methods in nursing education. 5. Efforts were made to upgrade nursing education, and women were more assertive and independent. 6. Nursing was broadened in all areas and was practiced in a wide variety of settings; nursing was viewed as a profession.

7 Criteria for recognition as a profession

1. Well defined body of specific and unique knowledge 2. Strong service orientation 3. recognized authority

Associate Degree

An __________ ____________ in nursing is typically a 2-year program that is offered at a community college or junior college. Such a degree allows a nurse to plan and provide care, but further education is often necessary for administrative positions.

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?

18th to 19th century

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?

18th to 19th century based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.

Diploma

A ____________ is often provided under the auspices of a hospital.

The nurse is evaluating client health. Which of the following clients should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health?

A client with a leg amputation that performs activities of daily living with a prothesis

The nursing process is:

A critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.

What were barriers to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?

A lack of educational standards, a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men.

Which of the following is the best example of a nurse in the role of counselor?

A nurse allowing a crying client to verbalize their fears of death; nurse uses therapeutic interpersonal skills to facilitate the client's problem-solving and decision-making skills.

The nurse is describing the role of the nurse entrepreneur. Which of the following statements best describe this role?

A nurse who manages a health-related business

A 32-year-old construction worker is admitted to the emergency department after suffering a heat stroke. Which of the following IV solutions would the nurse expect the physician would order?

A solution of normal saline

After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding about which of the following?

ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in America

After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding that

ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in the United States.

Reciprocity

Allows a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state other than the one that original licensure was obtained.

Which is an appropriately stated nursing intervention?

Ambulate 30 ft. twice a day with assistance of a walker.

Which of the following is an appropriately stated nursing intervention?

Ambulate 30 ft. twice a day with assistance of walker

The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was:

American Journal of Nursing

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?

American Nurses Association

Which of the following organizations is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice?

American Nurses Association (ANA)

A nurse is assigned the care of a client who has been admitted to the health care facility with high fever. Which nursing skill should be put into practice at the first contact with the client?

Assessment

A client reports to the emergency department with ankle pain due to a minor road accident. By asking the client to describe the accident, what type of nursing skill is the nurse using?

Assessment Skills

A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all terrain vehicle(ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident occurred. The nurse is implementing which type of skill?

Assessment skills

Nurse H. graduated several years ago from a 2-year nursing program that he took at a community college near his home city. Recently, Nurse H. has considered moving from providing direct patient care into an administrative role, but he recognizes the need to further his education in order to be considered for such a position. Nurse H. most likely possesses which of the following nursing qualifications?

Associate degree

The director of nursing (DON) of a major hospital is seeking to hire a nurse with a strong technical background to care for patients on a busy surgical unit. The DON is most likely going to hire a nurse prepared at which level of nursing?

Associate level

Which of the following is the best example of a nurse attending an inservice program?

Attending a hospital program on how to use a new IV pump

A student wants to join a nursing program that provides flexibility in working at both staff and managerial positions. Which nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student?

Baccalaureate nursing programs

A nurse is planning to pursue further education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which expanded career role is the nurse preparing? Clinical nurse specialist Nurse manager Nurse-midwife Physician assistant

Clinical nurse specialist -Explanation: Clinical nurse specialists are nurses with an advanced degree who are considered experts in a specialized area of care. They also provide direct care, consultation, and education of clients, families, and staff. Nurse managers do not normally provide direct care. Nurse-midwives specialize in obstetrical care. Physician assistants are not nurses.

A nurse is caring for a client who is a chronic alcoholic. The nurse educates the client about the harmful effects of alcohol and educates the family on how to cope with the client and his alcohol addiction. Which of the following skills is the nurse using?

Counseling

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles? Select all that apply. Communicator Counselor Teacher Financier Statistician

Counselor Communicator Teacher -Explanation: The roles and functions of the nurse are many and include caregiver, communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, and advocate. Acting as financier and statistician are not the roles of the nurse.

There are various levels of preparation for nursing practice. Which degree program will best prepare a nurse to work as a nurse researcher?

Doctoral

The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was established by whom?

Dorothea Dix

What is the best nursing intervention to promote health in a client at risk for heart disease? Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss Informing the client that the client must lose weight Instructing the client to adhere to a high-sodium diet Taking the client's pulse rate daily

Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss -Nurses promote health by identifying, analyzing, and maximizing each client's own individual strengths as components of preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disability or death. Emphasizing the client's strengths to encourage weight loss is the most effective way to promote this client's health. Informing the client that the client must lose weight would not help the client use his or her strengths to accomplish the goal. Low-sodium diets can prevent heart disease. Taking the pulse daily would not prevent heart disease.

Which of the following actions should the nurse implement when working with a medically homeless client?

Encourage client to utilize the free healthcare clinic

A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this client?

Facilitating coping

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?

From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.

The Standards of Practice provide nurses with what?

Guidelines for providing care

A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. Which educational setting would be most appropriate for this process?

In-service education

Which of the following factors has most influenced how nurses practice their profession?

Increased incidence of chronic illness

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?

Lack of educational standards

Licensure

Lawful authority to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements.

A class of nursing students is studying the history of nursing. Who does the class learn that the founder of public health nursing is?

Lillian Wald

Which individual provided community-based care and founded public health nursing?

Lillian Wald

Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?

Lillian Wald

Henry Street Settlement

Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster established the _______ _______ _________, which was the first public health service for the sick and poor.

The nurse going back to school for nurse midwifery can trace education for nurse midwifery to which of the following nursing leaders?

Mary Breckinridge

A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse?

Masters

Which of the following national nursing organizations serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators?

National League for Nursing (NLN)

communicators

Nurses are ___________________ when they report findings to the healthcare team.

A nurse is thinking about pursuing a master's degree in nursing and is reviewing information about various programs. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find about such programs?

Nurses pursuing such programs require solid scholastic abilities

A nurse identifies a patient's health care needs and devises a plan of care to meet those needs. Which guideline is being followed in this case?

Nursing process

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?

Nursing process

What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the patient's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes?

Nursing process

The student nurse is changing the bed linens of a hospitalized patient. While placing the contaminated materials into the laundry bag, the outside of the bag is touched by the material. What should the student nurse do next?

Obtain another laundry bag and place the contaminated bag inside while in the patient's room.

What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his/her nursing license?

Obtain continuing education credits.

What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his or her nursing license? Obtain a baccalaureate degree. Obtain a master's degree. Attend hospital in-services. Obtain continuing education credits.

Obtain continuing education credits. -Explanation: In many states, continuing education is required for an RN to maintain licensure. These are defined as professional development experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health. Obtainment of an ongoing degree is not necessary to maintain licensure. While hospital in-services may provide continuing education, not all in-services are designed to do so.

A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff nurses play?

Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility

During the Christian era, nursing care excluded which area?

Psychiatric services

Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding?

Refer the mother for a home care visit.

Which nursing role is the nurse exhibiting when collecting data about the number of urinary tract infections on the nursing unit?

Researcher

Which of the following Standards of Professional Performance, as defined by the ANA, has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services?

Resource Utilization

public health

The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, contributes to the improvement of ________ ________. *The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs.Accreditation is by nongovernmental, peer review process. It ensures the quality and integrity of baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs, not diploma nursing programs. It uses nationally recognized, not state recognized, standards to evaluate the programs.

Advocating for financial support for university-based schools of nursing was noted in which government document?

The Goldmark Report

The nurse asks a client about his spiritual health. Which statement best explains the standard of care utilized by the nurse?

The RN collects comprehensive data.

Guidelines for providing care

The Standards of Practice provide nurses with?

ICN

The _____ provides a venue for national nursing organizations to collaborate but does not define standards and scope of practice.

The American Journal of Nursing

The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was?

A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind?

The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses.

cognitive knowledge

The nurse's _________ ___________ of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology underlies the understanding of the patient's problem at hand. *__________ skilled nurses grasp what is necessary to achieve valued goals.

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse researchers?

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.

The nurse working with an LPN understands which of the following about LPNs?

They must take a licensure exam

Training schools for nurses were established in the United States after the Civil War. The standards of U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which of the following statements is true about U.S. training schools?

Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees.

Florence Nightingale classified sick nursing as

Use of client's reparative processes

A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated?

Vaccinations are one of the most concrete measures that nurses take to prevent illness in patients, as the antibody production that is induced by vaccination actively prevents the recipient from developing the influenza.

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

World War II

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

World War II: Esther Lucille Brown, in her report on nursing education wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.

Linda Richards

_____ _______ was the first trained nurse in the United States.

Lillian Wald

_____ ________ established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick poor of the Lower East Side in New York City and was the founder of public health nursing.

Clara Barton

______ _______ established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882.

Which of the following organizations is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice? a)American Nurses Association (ANA) b)International Council of Nurses (ICN) c)American Association of Colleges in Nursing (AACN) d)National League for Nursing (NLN)

a)American Nurses Association (ANA) Explanation: The ANA produces the 2003 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, which defines the activities specific and unique to nursing. The AACN addresses educational standards, while the NLN promotes and fosters various aspects of nursing. The ICN provides a venue for national nursing organizations to collaborate, but does not define standards and scope of practice.

A clinical nurse leader

oversees the care coordination of a specific group of clients.

During World War II, nurses were actively recruited and enlisted in the military. What effect did this have on the nursing profession?

caused a civilian nursing shortage

As civilizations grew, temples became

centers of medical care because of the belief that illness was caused by sin and the gods' displeasure.

The AACN addresses ,

educational standards

Health promotion involves

encouraging individuals to be proactive in taking measures to foster their well-being and maximize optimal functioning. Exercise is one of the most common, and accessible, activities that can help achieve this.

Nursing process is used to

identify the client's strengths, limitations, and health care needs, to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs, to implement that plan of care, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes.

Practice evaluation

involves the nurse evaluating one's own practice in relation to professional practice standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, and rules and regulations.

Sigma Theta Tau International

is the honor society for nursing.

Nurse researchers tend to work in

large teaching hospitals, research centers, and academic institutions

Nurse practice acts are

laws established by each state to regulate the practice of nursing.

A clinical nurse specialist not a doctoral degree.

may offer advanced education for nurses. requires at least a master's degree in nursing. They can work in hospitals and community health agencies, too.

AACN is the

national voice for baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing education programs and provides accreditation for collegiate nursing programs.

The ANA is the

professional organization for RNs in the United States, and it establishes standards of practice, encourages research to advance nursing practice, and represents nursing for legislative actions.

Standards of practice are essential

they serve as guidelines for providing and evaluating nursing care.

What is the primary purpose of standards of nursing practice?

to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care

help to restore health and prevent illness

treating hypertension pharmacologically, and removing secretions that can threaten oxygenation

Nurses with baccalaureate degrees are expected to

use research findings to improve practice.

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? pre-civilization early civilization to 16th century 16th to 17th century 18th to 19th century

18th to 19th century -Explanation: From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.

A nurse is demonstrating collegiality in professional practice. What behaviors practiced by the nurse correlate with this standard of practice? Select all that apply.

A nurse helps a colleague write a journal article. A nurse encourages a colleague to join the hospital journal club. A nurse encourages a colleague to join the American Nurses Association (ANA). The ANA standard of collegiality refers to the nurse interacting and contributing to the professional development of peers and colleagues. not helping colleague quit smoking

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?

ANA has established standards of clinical nursing practice that define the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given.

Which of the following is an example of an illness prevention activity by the nurse?

Administering immunizations.

A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse?

Advocate

Research

______________ involves collecting and analyzing data.

Which of the following organizations is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice?

American Nurses Association (ANA) The ANA produces the 2003 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, which defines the activities specific and unique to nursing. T

Administering care

________________ _______ measures directly to the patient demonstrates the caregiver role.

While in a discharge planning meeting, the nurse discusses a patient's goals for discharge. The nurse informs the group of the resources that will be needed to achieve these goals in the home environment. What two types of competency is the nurse demonstrating in this scenario?

Cognitive and interpersonal

A student is choosing her educational path and desires a nursing degree with a track that contains community nursing and leadership, as well as liberal arts. The student would best be suited in which type of program?

Baccalaureate program

A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse assists the client in bathing and dressing. What role the nurse is engaged in?

Caregiver

A nurse is caring for a client with quadriplegia who is fully conscious and able to communicate. What skills of the nurse would be the most important for this client?

Caring

The purpose of nursing was shaped by which of the following eras?

Christian era

The nurse has paged a patient's primary care physician because the patient's potassium level this morning is 2.6 mEq/L, a value that the nurse recognizes as a significant threat to the patient's cardiac health. What has the nurse enacted?

Cognitive skills

During the clinical rotation, a nurse documents the vital signs of a client on the bedside chart. What role is the nurse playing in such a situation?

Communicator

A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to clients during the various phases of nursing care. In which of the following activities does the nurse use counseling skills?

Educating a group of young girls about AIDS

The nurse is performing an extensive dressing change on a client with burns. The nurse explains each step as it is being performed. The nurse is acting in which role by providing explanation of each step?

Educator

Which of the following nursing actions best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health?

Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity.

Baccalaureate-prepared

________-___________ nurses have the greatest flexibility in qualifying for nursing positions at both staff and managerial levels.

The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of:

Illness Prevention

The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse correctly identifies this action as:

Illness prevention

The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of:

Illness prevention

A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role?

It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.

Outcome identification

_______ __________ is a professional nursing responsibility designated in ANA's standard of care list. Quality of care, performance appraisal, and use of resources are not professional nursing responsibilities designated in ANA's standard of care list. They are included in the standards of professional performance.

A registered nurse who is a member of the American Nurses Association (ANA) demonstrates adherence to the ANA's standards of care by participating in which of the following?

Outcome identification

The community health nurse performs blood pressure screenings at a senior center twice a month. This activity encompasses which aim of nursing?

Restoring health

comforting

Telling the patient that pain would subside with treatment denotes _________________ skill.

counseling

The activity of educating a group of young girls about AIDS is based on the nurse using __________ skills. *counseling skills are implemented while providing health education and emotional support.

Which of the following is the best example of client-centered approach to care?

The nurse asks the client about his health goals.

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.

During the Reformation, what factor influenced the decline of nursing?

Women's subordination to men

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

World War II Esther Lucile Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.

Dorothea Dix

_______ ____ was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill.

Lillian Wald established

a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor of the Lower East Side in New York City and was the founder of public health nursing.

Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses is a component of:

a state's nurse practice act.

The Henry Street Settlement was founded by whom? a)Lillian Wald b)Dorothea Dix c)Florence Nightingale d)Isabel Hampton Robb

a)Lillian Wald Explanation: Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster established the Henry Street Settlement, which was the first public health service for the sick and poor.

Nurse researchers

are responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing. They usually have advanced education in addition to a baccalaureate degree in nursing.

current changes in the medical system in USA

clients enter the health care system acutely ill. Hospital stays are much shorter, Nurses in the past relied on intuition to make decisions. Today, they have specific knowledge developed through research and evidence-based practice. The health care delivery system is more, not less, controversial now.

Graduates from vocational, diploma, and associate degree programs do not have

coursework in nursing research and are not expected to independently use it in clinical practice.

The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice

defines the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing.

Nursing's Social Policy Statement

describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing's knowledge base, as well as the methods by which nursing is regulated.

Nurses from all levels of education provide

direct care, administer medications, and collaborate with other health care providers.

Leadership involves

providing leadership in the profession and professional practice setting.

NLN promotes

various aspects of nursing.

Dorothea Dix

was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill.

Linda Richards

was the first trained nurse in the United States.

A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated?

Preventing illness

Florence Nightingale was a nursing pioneer who challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses. Which statement accurately describes one of her accomplishments?

She promoted the publication of books about nursing and health care

Which set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle Ages?

purpose, direction, leadership

Nurse administrators

serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing.

NLN (National League for Nursing)

*The _________ serves as the primary source of research data about nursing education, conducting annual surveys of school and new RNs. The NLN's objective is to foster the development and improvement of nursing services and nursing education, and it serves as the professional nursing organization for nurse educators. * ___________ ___ ___________, include nurses, other healthcare providers, and lay people.

Question: Organize these events in chronological order, beginning with the earliest (1) and ending with the most recent (5).

1.During the Crusades, religious orders provided nursing care to the sick. 2.Florence Nightingale administered care to British soldiers during the Crimean War. 3.Mary Elizabeth Mahoney graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children as America's first African American nurse. 4.Clara Barton organized the American Red Cross. 5.Margaret Sanger advocated for contraception and family planning in the United States

Resource utilization

has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services.

A registered nurse plans to return to the nursing profession after a long hiatus. Which statement about the trend in health care services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?

Clients enter the health care system acutely ill.

An oncology nurse with 15 years of experience, certification in the area of oncology nursing, and a master's degree is considered to be an expert in her area of practice and works on an oncology unit in a large teaching hospital. Based upon this description, which of the following career roles best describes this nurse's role, taking into account her qualifications and experience?

Clinical nurse specialist

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client, and administers a pain medication prescribed on a p.r.n. basis by the physician. What best describes the type of intervention the nurse is demonstrating?

Collaborative intervention The administration of a p.r.n. medication requires a physician-prescribed intervention (the medication order) as well as a nurse-prescribed intervention (determining when the order should be carried out and proper administration of the medication); therefore, this action would be considered a collaborative intervention. Nurse-initiated interventions, such as turning and repositioning a client, are described as nurse-prescribed interventions. Physician-directed actions are described as physician-prescribed interventions. Client advocacy refers to communicating the needs and protecting the safety of the client. Interventions are not normally categorized as being independent or dependent.

Which of the following statements accurately decribes the formulation of a nursing diagnosis?

Collection of assessment data provides the basis for identifying nursing diagnoses

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which of the following roles? Select all that apply.

Communicator Counselor Teacher

Trends in managed care have resulted in an increased focus on the care of patients by nurses in which of the following settings?

Community-Based Settings

Which explanation differentiates the Registered Nurse (RN) from the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)?

The LPN should work under the supervision of an RN.

A student nurse understands that the primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiatives is

health promotion.

The postoperative patient's plan of care contains an intervention to ambulate twice a day 200 feet with assistance of one member of the healthcare team. The intervention was not completed one morning due to his pain. Which of the following would be the appropriate way to document the missed event?

The patient reported his pain at a level of 8/10 at 30 minutes after dosing. The patient was returned to bed and the physician was notified of the uncontrolled pain level with the current medication order.

The patient has just received a central venous catheter placed by the physician. Which of the following should the nurse anticipate next?

The patient will have an X-ray to confirm placement of the device.

A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state?

applying for a reciprocal license in the new state Nurses gain legal rights to practice nursing in another state by applying to that state's board of nursing and receiving reciprocal licensure.

The ICN provides a venue

for national nursing organizations to collaborate, but does not define standards and scope of practice.

The Standards of Practice provide nurses with:

guidelines for providing care.

American Nurses Association (ANA)

describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing, discusses nursing's knowledge base, and describes the methods by which nursing is regulated within its Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2003).

Quality of practice

enhances the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice.

Henry Street Settlement

established by Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster - the first public health service for the sick and poor.

Clara Barton

established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882.

Support groups often

focus on coping,

Due to the rising cost of health care services, many procedures and treatments are being delivered in what type of setting?

outpatient facility

Which nursing actions will increase efficient management of client care and decrease the ramifications of the nursing shortage? (Select all that apply.)

pursuing post-licensure education becoming cross-trained in another area of the hospital implementing evidenced-based clinical pathways coordinating healthcare services before client discharge

National League for Nursing (NLN)

serves as the primary source of research data about nursing education, conducting annual surveys of schools and new RNs. It serves as the professional nursing organization for nurse educators.

Most early civilizations believed

that illness had supernatural causes. The physician was the medicine man who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits (Dolan, Fitzpatrick, & Herrmann, 1983). The nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies.

Profession

An occupation that meets certain criteria Including : 1.) a well-defined body of specific and unique Knowledge 2.) a code of ethics and standards 3.) ongoing research 4.) autonomy

counseling

Educating the client about body mechanics to prevent back pain is a part of the ________ skill of the nurse.

A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. What should be the central focus of this care? The nurse's actions The client receiving the care The nurse as the caregiver Nursing as a profession

The client receiving the care -Explanation: The client receiving the care is always the central focus of the nursing care provided. The central focus is not the nurse, the nursing actions, or nursing as a profession.

Nurse administrators

_______ ____________, not nurse researchers, serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing.

Hospital-based diploma

_______-_________ _________ programs are three-year courses and provide maximum exposure to clinical nursing.

Continuing nursing

___________ ____________ programs are on-the-job educational programs.

Advocacy

___________ involves actions such as protecting the patient's safety or rights.

ANA American Nursing Association

*The ______ is the professional organization for RNs in the United States, and it establishes standards of practice, encourages research to advance nursing practice, and represents nursing for legislative actions. Sigma Theta Tau International is the honor society for nursing. *The ANA produces the 2003 Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice, which defines the activities specific and unique to nursing. *ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in America. Membership is not open to all nurses in America. Only registered nurses (RNs) can become members. ANA does not invite students showing excellence in scholarship to become members.

Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole? a)To regulate work activities for members b)To provide information to nurses about legal requirements c)To set standards for nursing education and practice d)To provide socialization and networking for members

c)To set standards for nursing education and practice Explanation: Professional organizations set educational and practice standards for nursing education and practice. They also are concerned with current issues in nursing and health care, and influence health care policy and legislation. Although professional organizations may provide outlets for networking, regulate work activities, and provide information about legal requirements, setting standards for education and practice is a primary focus.

Nursing process

What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the patient's healthcare needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes?

Legal/ethical skills

_______/_________ _______ provide the basis for providing care that is fair and right.

Technical Skills

__________ __________ involve the ability to perform kinesthetic tasks. * _____________ skilled nurses manipulate equipment skillfully to produce desired outcomes.

counseling

__________ is based upon the active listening and interaction between the client and the nurse.

Interpersonal skills

____________ _______ address patients' psychosocial needs. *_______________ skilled nurses work collaboratively with the healthcare team and provide the team with knowledge about the patient's valued goals and expectations.

Baccalaureate

_____________ and graduate degrees involve a minimum of 4 years of education and qualify a nurse to act in a supervisory role.

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? lack of educational standards hospital-based schools of nursing lack of influence from nursing leaders independence of nursing orders

lack of educational standards -Explanation: A lack of educational standards was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War. Other barriers included a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men. The location of nursing schools, a lack of influence from nursing leaders, and independent nursing orders were not barriers to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War.

The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was: American Journal of Nursing Nurse Educator Nursing Research Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice

American Journal of Nursing -Explanation: The American Journal of Nursing was first published in 1900 and was owned, operated, and published by nurses. It continues to provide information that may be of interest to nurses in all nursing specialities, and those who practice general nursing. Nurse Educator is a more recently developed journal which specializes in nursing education and targets nurse eductors. Nursing Research is also a more recently developed nursing journal with a focus on nursing research and targets nurses interested in research. Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice are directives and guidelines that may be published as books available to nurses for purchase and review. It is not a nursing journal.

assessment

*Telling a client to localize his pain is an ______________ skill. ______________ skills would be required when collecting data from the client.

AACN

*The ______ addresses educational standards *______ is the national voice for baccalaureate and higher degree nursing education programs and provides accreditation for collegiate nursing programs.

Nursing Process

-Major guidelines for nursing process. Includes five steps : assessing, diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluating. -Integrates both the art and science of nursing . "Nursing made Visible". -Used to identify the patients health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan to meet those needs and to evaluate the effectiveness of plan and to establish outcomes.

1.)Nursing 2.)Nurse

1.)Profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health. -The ANA defines as " the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. 2.)Originated form the Latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish. a person who nourishes, fosters, and protects and is prepared to take care of the sick, injured, or aged people.

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice? American Nurses Association National League for Nursing International Council of Nurses National Council of State Boards of Nursing

American Nurses Association -Explanation: The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established standards of clinical nursing practice that define the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, the client, and the institution where health care is given. The other organizations provide valuable services that differ from those of ANA. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing have the nurse practice acts which define state specific guidelines for nurses to practice. The National League for Nursing is a national organization for faculty nurses and leaders in nurse education. The International Council of Nurses is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations.

Which nursing group provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing? International Council of Nurses (ICN) American Academy of Neurology (AAN) American Nurses Association (ANA) The Joint Commission

American Nurses Association (ANA) -Explanation: The ANA is a professional organization to advance and protect the profession of nursing. The ANA describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing, discusses nursing's knowledge base, and describes the methods by which nursing is regulated within its Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2003). The Joint Commission is a United States-based nonprofit tax-exempt 501 organization that accredits more than 21,000 U.S. health care organizations and programs. The AAN is a professional society representing over 34,000 neurologists and neuroscientists. The ICN is an international federation of nursing organizations that works to ensure quality nursing care for all, sound health policies globally, the advancement of nursing knowledge, and the presence worldwide of a respected nursing profession and a competent and satisfied nursing workforce.

The new nursing graduate is concerned about some of the critical changes that will be occurring in nursing. What changes does the nurse anticipate will impact nursing care? Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment Rapid growth of nurses and shortage of job opportunities Decrease in health care costs Limitations that nurses have in the workforce

Difficulty for nurses to remain current in a rapidly changing medical and technology environment -Explanation: The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice (NACNEP) identifies critical challenges to nursing practice in the 21st century: a growing population of hospitalized clients who are older and more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in medical knowledge and technology. Nursing is limitless and, with opportunities for furthering education, there are many various ways nurses can practice. Health costs are rising and there are more citizens needing health care. There is a projected nursing shortage that may be severe and there are no shortages of jobs for nurses.

Which best exemplifies the role of the nurse as educator? Discussing side effects of a medication with a client Allowing a client to verbalize fears of death Researching the best way to provide care Referring a client to outpatient services

Discussing side effects of a medication with a client -Explanation: In the role of educator, the nurse uses communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized education plans to meet the learning needs of clients, such as when discussing side effects of a medication. Allowing clients to verbalize feelings and referring them to outpatient services demonstrate the role of counselor. Researching the best way to provide care demonstrates the role of researcher.

The nurse is performing an extensive dressing change on a client with burns. The nurse explains each step as it is being performed. The nurse is acting in which role by providing explanation of each step? Caregiver Client advocate Decision-maker Educator

Educator -Under the overall umbrella of nursing process, the nurse in this situation is performing the the implemention of the care plan interventions.The nurse is acting in the role of educator by explaining each step at a level, and to a degree that the client can process, ask questions if necessary, and understand. The act of changing the dressing is an aspect of the caregiver role. Once the nurse moves beyond the care plan interventions, it may become necessary to make a decision or advocate for the client as a result of the assessment of wound and client learning during the teaching of wound care occurring.

A client is distraught because a recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that the client's colon cancer has metastasized to the lungs. Which nursing aim should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this client? Facilitating coping Preventing illness Restoring health Promoting health

Facilitating coping -Explanation: This client's care in the coming weeks or months will likely encompass all of the four foundational roles of the nurse. However, because the client has just recently received bad news and is emotionally distraught, helping the client cope is an appropriate priority in immediate care. Preventing illness is focused on preventing an infection or disease from occuring such as through immunizations, hand hygiene, exercising and diet. Restoring health would more appropirately occur after the client has accepted the disease and would involve taking medication and working to get back to baseline with the disease. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.

IN ORDER FROM EARLIEST TO LATEST

HISTORY IN ORDER FROM EARLIEST TO LATEST: 1. During the Crusades, religious orders provided nursing care to the sick. 2. Florence Nightingale administered care to British soldiers during the Crimean War. 3. Clara Barton organized the American Red Cross. 4.Mary Elizabeth Mahoney graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879 as America's first African American nurse. 5. Margaret Sanger advocated for contraception and family planning in the United States.

A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. Which educational setting would be most appropriate for this process? Continuing education Graduate education In-service education Undergraduate studies

In-service education -Explanation: In-service education is designed to increase the knowledge and skills of the nursing staff. Education about a new piece of hospital equipment would fall into this category. Continuing education is educational experiences designed to enrich the nurse's contribution to health. Many state nursing organizations require continuing education hours to maintain licensure. Undergraduate studies are the educational programs for pre-licensure in the field of nursing. For the nurse, this could be a diploma, associate degree, or baccalaureate in nursing. Graduate education would include the educational programs for the advanced practice nurse. This could be master's degree or doctoral preparation.

A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse? Diploma Associate's Master's Baccalaureate

Master's -Explanation: A master's degree is the minimal degree for a nurse to become a nurse practitioner. Diploma, associate, and baccalaureate degrees are the minimal degree for an RN.

A nurse identifies a client's health care needs and devises a plan of care to meet those needs. Which guideline is being followed in this case? Nursing standards Nursing orders Nurse practice acts Nursing process

Nursing process -Explanation: Devising a plan of care is based on the nursing process. This process identifies the client's health care needs and strengths to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes. Nursing standards allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the client, and the institution where health care is given. Nurse practice acts are laws established in each state in the United States to regulate the practice of nursing. Nursing orders prescribe the nursing care to be given to assist the client to meet health goals.

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice? Nursing process Nursing's Social Policy Statement Nurse practice act ANA Standards of Nursing Practice

Nursing process -Explanation: Nursing process is used to identify the client's strengths, limitations, and health care needs, to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs, to implement that plan of care, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the practice of nursing. Nursing's Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing's knowledge base, as well as the methods by which nursing is regulated.

The diploma nurse is considering obtaining a baccalaureate degree. Which degree should the nurse investigate? DNP RN to BSN Accelerated degree MSN

RN to BSN -Explanation: The diploma nurse considering obtaining a baccalaureate degree should investigate RN to BSN programs. This degree is designed for registered nurses with a diploma degree. The DNP is designed as the terminal degree (doctorate degree) for nursing practice. The accelerated degree is designed for people with a baccalaureate degree, currently not in nursing, to obtain their BSN in 1 to 2 years. The MSN is designed for nurses with a baccalaureate degree to obtain a master's degree in nursing.

Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding? Refer the mother for a home care visit. Ask the mother to come to the emergency room. Email the mother a link for breastfeeding. Suggest that the mother bottle feed her infant.

Refer the mother for a home care visit. -Explanation: It is the role of the nurse to encourage health promotion by providing information and referrals; therefore, the nurse should refer the mother for a home care visit, as this will enable the mother to receive all of the breastfeeding help that is needed. Emailing a link for breastfeeding provides information, but not the support that is needed if a mother is having difficulty with breastfeeding. Suggesting bottle feeding and/or going to the emergency room is inappropriate and does not encourage using available resources.

Health

State of optimal functioning. Includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

associate degree

Students becoming nurses through the _______ __________ program would not be expected to work in a management position.

What are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply. Telling a client their blood pressure Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued Telling a friend about something that happened to a client that day Discussing laboratory values with a client

Telling a client their blood pressure Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued Discussing laboratory values with a client -Explanation: When acting in the role of communicator, the nurse is using effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships. Examples include telling a client their blood pressure, calling a physician regarding a client condition, reviewing laboratory values with the client, and relaying pertinent information with members of the multidisciplinary team, such as the physical therapist. Telling a friend something that happened to a client that day is not the role of the nurse as communicator; in fact, it may be a violation of the client's privacy and confidentiality.

Which explanation accurately differentiates the role of the registered nurse (RN) from that of the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)? The RN is permitted to prescribed medications. The LPN/LVN can only work in a long-term care facility. The RN directs the workload of an LPN/LVN. The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN.

The LPN/LVN should work under the supervision of an RN. -Explanation: LPNs/LVNs are employed in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and rehabilitation centers and by health care providers such as physicians. LPNs/LVNs differ from RNs in two areas: educational preparation and scope of practice. LPNs always practice under the supervision of an RN. LPNs have a scope of practice and the workload is not directed by the RN. RNs are not permitted to prescribe medications. Nurse practitioners may prescribe medications.

The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented? The RN promotes a safe environment. Th RN identifies client outcomes. The RN educates about preventing falls. The RN develops a plan of care.

The RN promotes a safe environment. -Explanation: The standard of care being exemplified is standard 5b: health teaching and promotion: The RN employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment. Standard 3, which is outcomes identification, involves the registered nurse identifying expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the health care consumer or the situation. Standard 12 is education, in which the registered nurse seeks knowledge and competence that reflects current nursing practice and promotes futuristic thinking. Standard 4 is planning, in which the registered nurse develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected, measurable outcomes.

National Student Nurses

The _______ _________ _________' Association provides programs of current professional interest. It is not run by a group of registered nurses, but by nursing students themselves. It is student funded, not funded by the national government.

world war II (Esther Lucille Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.)

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

Which is the best example of a client-centered approach to care? The nurse helps a client ambulate. The nurse asks the client about health goals. The nurse asks the client what the client would like to order from the menu. The nurse draws a blood sample from a client. The nurse helps a client ambulate. The nurse asks the client about health goals. The nurse asks the client what the client would like to order from the menu. The nurse draws a blood sample from a client.

The nurse asks the client about health goals.

A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state? asking the current state to transfer the license applying for a reciprocal license in the new state taking the new state's licensing exam No action is needed by the nurse.

applying for a reciprocal license in the new state -Explanation: Nurses gain legal rights to practice nursing in another state by applying to that state's board of nursing and receiving reciprocal licensure. The nurse does not need to retake the licensure exam. The nursing licenses are not transferable.

coordinator

When the nurse coordinates services offered by a variety of healthcare professionals, the nurse acts as a ______________.

The RN is working with hospital administrators to transform care at their facility. Which nursing competency will be critical for the nurse to utilize? Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams Correctly utilize and troubleshoot high-tech equipment Navigate the electronic medical records system Do things the way they have always been done

Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams -Explanation: The RN working with administrators to transform care will need to be able to work effectively as part of an interdisciplinary team. The nurse will need to work as a team member with members of the administration, as well as representatives from other health disciplines involved in the project. The ability to use and troubleshoot equipment and to navigate the electronic medical records are important to the nurse, but will not necessarily help when working with administration to transform care. Doing things the way they have always been done is a barrier to transformation of care.

Nurse researchers

________ __________ are responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing. They usually have advanced education in addition to a baccalaureate degree in nursing. Nurse researchers tend to work in large teaching hospitals, research centers, and academic institutions, not community health centers and long-termcare units.

The Standards of Practice provide nurses with what? a)Guidelines for providing care b)Measurement criteria for payment c)Evaluation of care provided by nurses d)Legislation for health care reform

a)Guidelines for providing care Explanation: Standards of practice are essential because they serve as guidelines for providing and evaluating nursing care.

A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated? a)Preventing illness b)Facilitating coping c)Restoring health d)Promoting health

a)Preventing illness Explanation: Vaccinations are one of the most concrete measures that nurses take to prevent illness in patients, as the antibody production that is induced by vaccination actively prevents the recipient from developing the influenza.

A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind? a)The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses. b)The nurse practices only with a private practitioner. c)The nurse oversees the care coordination of a group of clients. d)This requires at least a doctoral degree education.

a)The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses. Explanation: A clinical nurse specialist may offer advanced education for nurses. A clinical nurse leader, not a clinical nurse specialist, oversees the care coordination of a specific group of clients. A career as a clinical nurse specialist requires at least a master's degree in nursing, not a doctoral degree. Clinical nurse specialists do not practice with private practitioners only. They can work in hospitals and community health agencies, too.

Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree? a)Using research findings to improve practice b)Collaborating with other health care providers c)Administering medications as prescribed d)Providing direct physical care

a)Using research findings to improve practice Explanation: Nurses with baccalaureate degrees are expected to use research findings to improve practice. Graduates from vocational, diploma, and associate degree programs do not have coursework in nursing research and are not expected to independently use it in clinical practice. Nurses from all levels of education provide direct care, administer medications, and collaborate with other health care providers.

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time? a)World War II b)Korean War c)World War I d)Spanish American War

a)World War II Explanation: Esther Lucille Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.

A nurse mentoring second-year nursing students from a community college plans clinical experiences for them. These students will most likely graduate in which time frame? at the end of the year in 3 more years in 2 more years in 1 more year

at the end of the year -Explanation: Nursing students from a community college are most likely students attempting to obtain an associate degree, which is a 2-year program. Therefore, the nurse should plan clinical experiences for students who will most likely graduate at the end of the year, as this is their second year.

A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse? a)Researcher b)Advocate c)Leader d)Counselor

b)Advocate Explanation: The nursing role that focuses on advocacy involves the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all clients, based on the belief that clients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health. In this situation, the nurse recognizes the client's right to make end-of-life decisions and advocates for the client by documenting that the client has an advance directive. The nurse also demonstrates advocacy by communicating this information to the patient's physician.

Which of the following nursing actions best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health? a)Administering a beta-adrenergic blocker and diuretic to a client who has a history of hypertension. b)Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity. c)Performing deep suctioning on a client who has a tracheotomy and copious secretions. d)Facilitating a support group for the friends and families of clients affected by stroke.

b)Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity. Explanation: Health promotion involves encouraging individuals to be proactive in taking measures to foster their well-being and maximize optimal functioning. Exercise is one of the most common, and accessible, activities that can help achieve this. Support groups often focus on coping, while treating hypertension pharmacologically, and removing secretions that can threaten oxygenation, help to restore health and prevent illness.

Which of the following individuals provided community-based care and founded public health nursing? a)Sojourner Truth b)Lillian Wald c)Adelaide Nutting d)Clara Barton

b)Lillian Wald Explanation: Lillian Wald established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor in New York City and is considered the founder of public health nursing. The other choices were important to the development of nursing, but not to public health nursing.

Which of the following national nursing organizations serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators? a)American Nurses Association (ANA) b)National League for Nursing (NLN) c)Sigma Theta Tau International d)American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)

b)National League for Nursing (NLN) Explanation: The NLN serves as the primary source of research data about nursing education, conducting annual surveys of schools and new RNs. The NLN's objective is to foster the development and improvement of nursing services and nursing education, and it serves as the professional nursing organization for nurse educators. The ANA is the professional organization for RNs in the United States, and it establishes standards of practice, encourages research to advance nursing practice, and represents nursing for legislative actions. Sigma Theta Tau International is the honor society for nursing. AACN is the national voice for baccalaureate and higher-degree nursing education programs and provides accreditation for collegiate nursing programs.

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse researchers? a)They usually have a baccalaureate degree in nursing. b)They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. c)They serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. d)They tend to work in community health centers and long-term care units.

b)They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing. Explanation: Nurse researchers are responsible for the continued development and refinement of nursing. They usually have advanced education in addition to a baccalaureate degree in nursing. Nurse administrators, not nurse researchers, serve as liaisons between staff members and directors of nursing. Nurse researchers tend to work in large teaching hospitals, research centers, and academic institutions, not community health centers and long-term care units.

Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing practiced from early civilization to the 16th century? a)The nurse was a nun committed to caring for the needy and homeless. b)The physician was the priest who treated disease with prayer. c)Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. d)Nursing changed from a spiritual focus to an emphasis on knowledge expansion

c)Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. Explanation: Most early civilizations believed that illness had supernatural causes. The physician was the medicine man who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull to release evil spirits (Dolan, Fitzpatrick, & Herrmann, 1983). The nurse usually was the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies. As civilizations grew, temples became the centers of medical care because of the belief that illness was caused by sin and the gods' displeasure.

Which of the following Standards of Professional Performance, as defined by the ANA, has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services? a)Leadership b)Quality of Practice c)Resource Utilization d)Practice Evaluation

c)Resource Utilization Explanation: Resource utilization has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services. Leadership involves the nurse providing leadership in the profession and professional practice setting. Practice evaluation involves the nurse evaluating one's own practice in relation to professional practice standards and guidelines, relevant statutes, and rules and regulations. Quality of practice enhances the quality and effectiveness of nursing practice.

A group of nursing students has attended a presentation about the National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA). Which statement by the group indicates that they have understood the information presented? a)The NSNA is run by a group of registered nurses. b)The NSNA contributes to the improvement of public health. c)The organization provides programs of current professional interest. d)The organization is funded by the national government.

c)The organization provides programs of current professional interest. Explanation: The National Student Nurses' Association provides programs of current professional interest. It is not run by a group of registered nurses, but by nursing students themselves. It is student-funded, not funded by the national government. The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, not the National Student Nurses' Association, contributes to the improvement of public health.

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client. The health care provider has written a prescription for a pain medication, and the prescription gives a dosage range for the amount the nurse may give depending on the severity of the client's pain. This type of functioning within the health care team is called: authoritative functioning. independent functioning. assistive functioning. collaborative functioning.

collaborative functioning. -Explanation: Nurses manage collaborative problems using both nurse- and health care provider-prescribed interventions to reduce the risk of complications. In this situation, the nurse is not operating authoritatively or independently, but within the parameters established by the health care provider. The nurse is not merely acting in an assistive capacity, as the nurse is performing interventions in the absence of the health care provider.

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? a)Early civilization to 16th century b)16th to 17th century c)Pre-civilization d)18th to 19th century

d)18th to 19th century Explanation: From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.

Which of the following nursing groups provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing? a)AAN b)The Joint Commission c)ICN d)ANA

d)ANA Explanation: The American Nurses Association (ANA) describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing, discusses nursing's knowledge base, and describes the methods by which nursing is regulated within its Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2003).

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice? a)National League for Nursing b)International Council of Nurses c)State Board of Nursing d)American Nurses Association

d)American Nurses Association Explanation: The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established standards of clinical nursing practice that define the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given. The other organizations provide valuable services that differ from those of ANA.

A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which of the following nursing aims should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient? a)Preventing illness b)Promoting health c)Restoring health d)Facilitating coping

d)Facilitating coping Explanation: This patient's care in the coming weeks or months will likely encompass all of the four foundational roles of the nurse. However, because the patient has just recently received bad news and is emotionally distraught, helping the patient cope is an appropriate priority in his immediate care.

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? a)Hospital-based schools of nursing b)Lack of influence from nursing leaders c)Independence of nursing orders d)Lack of educational standards

d)Lack of educational standards Explanation: A lack of educational standards was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War. Other barriers included a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men. The location of nursing schools, a lack of influence from nursing leaders, and independent nursing orders were not barriers to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War.

A nursing student wants to take up an advanced specialty nursing role. Which of the following roles is included in advanced specialty nursing? a)Nurse midwives are licensed practice nurses. b)Nurse anesthetists can have independent practices. c)Nurse midwives care for women with complicated pregnancies. d)Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses.

d)Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses. Explanation: Nurse anesthetists are registered nurses. Nurse midwives are also registered nurses, but not licensed practice nurses. Nurse midwives care for women with uncomplicated pregnancies, not complicated pregnancies. Nurse anesthetists cannot have independent practices. They work under the supervision of an anesthesiologist.

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice? a)Nurse practice act b)ANA Standards of Nursing Practice c)Nursing's Social Policy Statement d)Nursing process

d)Nursing process Explanation: Nursing process is used to identify the client's strengths, limitations, and health care needs, to formulate a plan of care to address the health care needs, to implement that plan of care, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to achieve established outcomes. The ANA Standards of Nursing Practice defines the activities of nurses that are specific and unique to nursing. Nurse practice acts are laws established by each state to regulate the practice of nursing. Nursing's Social Policy Statement describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing and nursing's knowledge base, as well as the methods by which nursing is regulated

The primary aim of the Healthy People 2020 initiative is: health promotion. illness prevention. health restoration. coping with disability.

health promotion. -Explanation: Healthy People 2020 establishes health promotion guidelines for the nation as a whole. The guidelines contain 12 Leading Health Indicators, which are used to measure the health of the nation over a 10-year period. Illness prevention, health restoration, and coping with disability are components of the Healthy People 2020 guidelines, but are not considered as the primary goal of the initiative.

A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow the opportunity to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student? associate of science registered nursing program baccalaureate of science registered nursing program licensed or vocational nursing program diploma nursing program

licensed or vocational nursing program -Explanation: A licensed practical or vocational nursing program will allow the student to earn a technical certificate in 1 year and sit for the state board of nursing examination to be licensed as an LPN or LVN. This would allow employment that will allow the graduate to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures as desired. An associate program will take 2 years and a baccalaureate program will take 4 years; additionally these prepare new nurses to work in a more independent role than this person is seeking. There are very few diploma programs remaining in the U.S., and these programs typically take 3 years to complete.