Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology

11. In Milgram's controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure.

2/3

______ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs

Abraham Maslow

Given the incredible diversity among the various areas of psychology that were described in this section, how do they all fit together?

Although the different perspectives all operate on different levels of analyses, have different foci of interests, and different methodological approaches, all of these areas share a focus on understanding and/or correcting patterns of thought and/or behavior.

Why is an undergraduate education in psychology so helpful in a number of different lines of work?

An undergraduate education in psychology hones critical thinking skills. These skills are useful in many different work settings.

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

Bachelor's degree

In part, what aspect of psychology was the behaviorist approach to psychology a reaction to?

Behaviorists studied objectively observable behavior partly in reaction to the psychologists of the mind who were studying things that were not directly observable.

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed?

Critical thinking, use of the scientific method, critical evaluation of sources of information

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.

I-O

How did the object of study in psychology change over the history of the field since the 19th century?

In its early days, psychology could be defined as the scientific study of mind or mental processes. Over time, psychology began to shift more towards the scientific study of behavior. However, as the cognitive revolution took hold, psychology once again began to focus on mental processes as necessary to the understanding of behavior.

. What are the potential ethical concerns associated with Milgram's research on obedience?

Many people have questioned how ethical this particular research was. Although no one was actually harmed in Milgram's study, many people have questioned how the knowledge that you would be willing to inflict incredible pain and/or death to another person, simply because someone in authority told you to do so, would affect someone's self-concept and psychological health. Furthermore, the degree to which deception was used in this particular study raises a few eyebrows.

One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist.

Master's

which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.

Max Wertheimer

Why do you think many people might be skeptical about psychology being a science?

One goal of psychology is the study of the mind. Science cannot directly study the mind, because it is not a form of matter or energy. This might create some skepticism about the scientific nature of psychology.

An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________.

Personality

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, then s/he would probably need a ________ degree in psychology

PhD

The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.

PsyD

Why do you think psychology courses like this one are often requirements of so many different programs of study?

Psychology courses deal with a number of issues that are helpful in a variety of settings. The text made mention of the types of skills as well as the knowledge base with which students of psychology become familiar. As mentioned in the link to learning, psychology is often helpful/valued in fields in which interacting with others is a major part of the job.

The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning.

Skinner

Psyche is a Greek word meaning______

Soul

Other than a potentially greater salary, what would be the reasons an individual would continue on to get a graduate degree in psychology?

The graduate degree would be a stronger guarantee of working in a psychology-related field and one would have greater control over the specialty of that work. It would allow one to practice in a clinical setting. In general, it would allow someone to work in a more independent or supervisory capacity.

. A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist.

biological

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ____________

philosophy

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a

proposed explanation

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and _____ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems

unconditional positive regard