Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design

Methods

In object-oriented programming, behaviors are implemented as __________.

Waterfall

The original structured design methodology (still used today) is _________ development. It allows the analysts and users proceed in sequence from one phase to the next.

Method

To make an appointment is an example of a ____________.

Parallel

___________ development methodology attempts to address the problem of long delays between the analysis phase and the delivery of the system. Instead of doing design and implementation in sequence, it performs a general design for the whole system and then divides the project into a series of distinct subprojects.

Prototype

___________ is a process with minimal features, which allows reanalyze, redesign, and re-implement. Works well for small projects

Information hiding

_____________ _______________ suggests that only the information required to use a software module be published to the user of the module.

Supporting

_____________ workflows include the project management, configuration and change management, and environment workflows. This workflow focuses on the managerial aspects of information systems development.

Dynamic binding

_______________ _________________ is a technique that delays typing the object until run-time. The specific method that is actually called is not chosen by the object-oriented system until the system is running.

Polymorphism

_______________ means that the same message can be interpreted differently by different classes of objects.

Engineering

________________ Workflows include business-modeling, requirements, analysis, design, implementation, test, and deployment workflows. This workflow deals with the activities that produce the technical product (i.e., the information system).

Encapsulation

__________________ is the combination of process and data into a single entity.

Object

A person, place, or thing about which we want to capture information is an ________________.

Elaboration

(UP) The analysis and design workflows are the primary focus during this phase. The phase continues with developing the vision document, including finalizing the business case, revising the risk assessment, and completing a project plan in sufficient detail to allow the stakeholders to be able to agree with constructing the actual final system.

Transition

(UP) This phase addresses aspects typically associated with the implementation phase of a traditional SDLC approach. Its primary focus is on the testing and deployment workflows. Essentially, the business modeling, requirements, and analysis workflows should have been completed in earlier iterations of the evolving information system.

Construction

(UP) This phase focuses heavily on programming the evolving information system. This phase is primarily concerned with the implementation workflow. However, the requirements workflow and the analysis and design workflows also are involved with this phase. It is during this phase that missing requirements are identified and the analysis and design models are finally completed.

Inception

(UP) This phase is very similar to the planning phase of a traditional SDLC approach. In this phase, a business case is made for the proposed system. This includes feasibility analysis.

class

A _________ is the general template we use to define and create specific instances, or objects. Every object is associated with one of these.

Methodology

A ____________ is a formalized approach to implementing the SDLC (i.e., it is a list of steps and deliverables).

Attributes

Each object has ______________ that describe information about the object, such as a patient's name, birth date, address, and phone number. These are also used to represent relationships between objects.

Extreme Programming, SCRUM

Examples of Agile Development methodologies

Prototype, Throwaway prototype

Examples of Rapid Application Design (RAD) methodologies

Waterfall, parallel

Examples of Structured Development methodologies

Attribute

Name is an example of an __________.

Class

Patient is an example of a _________.

Inherit

Subclasses ________________ the appropriate attributes and methods from the superclasses above them. That is, each subclass contains attributes and methods from its parent superclass.

Project scope

The _________ ___________ determines # of people, resources, hardware, software, money, time, etc

System proposal

The _________ ____________ is presented to the project sponsor and other key decision makers who decide whether the project should continue to move forward.

Analysis

The _________ phase answers the questions of who will use the system, what the system will do, and where and when it will be used. During this phase, the project team investigates any current system(s), identifies opportunities for improvement, and develops a concept for the new system.

System request

The __________ _____________ is a document stating problem, solution, benefit.

Behaviors

The __________ specify what the object can do.

Unified Process

The ___________ ____________ is a specific methodology that maps out when and how to use the various Unified Modeling Language (UML) techniques for object-oriented analysis and design.

Design

The ___________ phase decides how the system will operate, in terms of the hardware, software, and network infrastructure; the user interface, forms, and reports; and the specific programs, databases, and files that will be needed.

Planning

The _____________ phase is the fundamental process of understanding why an information system should be built and determining how the project team will go about building it. What is the need? Is there a time to seize opportunity?

Systems Development Life Cycle

The ______________ ___________ ___________ ________________ is the process of understanding how an information system (IS) can support business needs by designing a system, building it, and delivering it to users.

Throwaway prototype

The __________________ _____________methodology has a relatively thorough analysis phase that is used to gather information and to develop ideas for the system concept. However, users might not completely understand many of the features they suggest, and there may be challenging technical issues to be solved.

Implementation

The final phase in the SDLC is the ________________ phase, during which the system is actually built (or purchased, in the case of a packaged soft ware design). This is the phase that usually gets the most attention, because for most systems it is the longest and most expensive single part of the development process.

Inception, elaboration, construction, transition

The four steps of the Unified Process are:

Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation

What are the steps of the SDLC

Prototyping, XP, Scrum

Which 3 methods are good for small and simple business processes?

Waterfall

Which methodology is good for a large and complex business process?

SCRUM

_______ believes that no matter how much planning you do, you're always going to run into a problem. When there is a problem, then find a solution & move on (therefore eliminating Planning).

Agile development

_________ __________ focuses on streamlining the system-development process by eliminating much of the modeling and documentation overhead and the time spent on those tasks. Instead, projects emphasize simple, iterative application development.

Extreme programming

__________ ____________ has small teams, meet often, little time spent planning & analyzing. Design ASAP. Founded on four core values: communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

Prototyping

__________ performs the analysis, design, and implementation phases concurrently, and all three phases are performed repeatedly in a cycle until the system is completed. It quickly provides a system with which the users can interact, even if it is not ready for widespread organizational use at first.

Messages

___________ are information sent to objects to trigger methods. It is essentially a function or procedure call from one object to another object.