Chapter 1 Reading Assignment

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?

Spontaneous generation

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ______.

Viruses

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

True or false: We could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.

True.

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______.

Explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the ______ Theory of Disease.

Germ

Which defines spontaneous generation?

Life arose from non-living matter.

_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks.

Louis Pasteur

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______. Multiple choice question.

Run out.

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.

John Needham

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal .

Microbiota.

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______. Multiple choice question.

support; could still give rise to microorganisms

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)

Endospores

Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______.

Composed of cells

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

Yogurt, cheese, beer.

A(n) ________ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

Pathogen