Chapter 1 Review Questions
Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on spatial resolution of the digital image? Select one: a.Acquisition pixel size b.Display pixel size c.Use of a grid d.SID
A) Acquisition pixel size
Which of the following is classified as a saddle (sellar) joint? Select one: a.Ankle joint b.Temporomandibular joint c.Knee joint d.Intercarpal joint
A) Ankle joint
Examples of "flat" bones are the: Select one: a.calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum. b.ribs, sternum, patella, and ilia of pelvis. c.sternum, scapulae, ilia of pelvis, and base of cranium. d.sternum and ilia of pelvis only
A) Calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum
Which of the following body systems helps to regulate body temperature? Select one: a.Circulatory b.Urinary c.Endocrine d.Nervous
A) Circulatory
Which of the following devices can be used rather than applying the anode heel effect to compensate for anatomic part thickness differences? Select one: a.Compensating filters b.Copper filters c.Graded screens d.Added filtration
A) Compensating filters
Which of the following is NOT one of the four image quality factors of an analog radiograph? Select one: a.Contrast b.Spatial resolution c.Source-image receptor distance (SID) d.Distortion
A) Contrast
Which of following is NOT one of the evaluation criteria applied in the evaluation of images? Select one: a.Patient condition b.Anatomy demonstrated c.Collimation and CR d.Exposure criteria
A) Patient Condition
What type of protective shield is NOT in direct contact with the patient's body? Select one: a.Shadow shield b.Shaped shield c.Lead mat d.Gonadal flat shield
A) Shadow shield
Which of the following joints is NOT a synovial joint? Select one: a.Skull sutures b.Elbow joint c.Hip joint d.Proximal radioulnar joint
A) Skull sutures
A projection in which the CR skims a body part to project it in profile is termed: Select one: a.tangential. b.lordotic. c.axial. d.decubitus.
A) Tangential
A body system consists of an association of organs that share a common function. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
A grid can be left in place for most digital radiographic procedures. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
According to the ARRT Code of Ethics, radiologic technologists must participate in continuing education activities throughout their professional career. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
An image receptor placed lengthwise to the long axis of the structure or body is in the portrait orientation. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
Exposure indicator is a numeric value that is representative of the level of exposure the image receptor has acquired. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
Lead masking/mats should be used when recording multiple images on the same cassette-based PSP system. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
PACS permits simultaneous viewing of images at multiple locations. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
PACS should be integrated with an HIS. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
Recent studies indicate that the breasts are more radiosensitive than the gonads. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
Système International (SI) has been the national standard for units of radiation measurement since 1958. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
The term position can be used for both a lateral and an oblique body position. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
When aligning images of the hand on the monitor, the digits should be pointing upward. Select one: a.True b.False
A) True
Which of the following systems of the human body includes all ductless glands of the body? Select one: a.Endocrine b.Integumentary c.Muscular d.Glandular
A) endocrine
Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on the brightness of the digital image? Select one: a.kVp b.mAs c.Processing software d.Matrix size
A) kVp
A longitudinal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior parts is the _____ plane. Select one: a.midcoronal b.midsagittal c.horizontal d.oblique
A) midcoronal
A recumbent position in which the patient is lying on the right anterior surface with the body rotated toward the image receptor is termed: Select one: a.right posterior oblique. b.left anterior oblique. c.Sims' position. d.Fowler position.
A) right posterior oblique
Radiographic view is NOT a valid positioning term in the United States. Select one: a.True b.False
A) true
Pregnant technologists should not exceed ____ dose per month. Select one: a.1 mSv (0.1 rem) b.0.5 mSv (50 mrem) c.10 mSv (1 rem) d.300 mSv (30 rem)
B) 0.5 mSv (1 rem)
The minimum total filtration (inherent plus added) required for diagnostic x-ray equipment producing 70 kVp or greater is _____ mm aluminum equivalent. Select one: a.1.5 b.2.5 c.0.5 d.4
B) 2.5
How many bones are there in the adult axial skeleton? Select one: a.206 b.80 c.54 d.126
B) 80
A radiograph of the abdomen is underexposed and must be repeated. The original analog exposure factors used were 65 kVp with 25 mAs. The technologist decides to keep the mA at the same level but change the kVp to increase radiographic density. How much of an increase is needed in kVp to double the density? Select one: a.3 to 5 kVp b.9 to 10 kVp c.10 to 15 kVp d.15 to 20 kVp
B) 9 to 10 kVp
Which of the following radiographic projections will provide the greatest amount of effective dose (without shielding)? Select one: a.AP pelvis b.Barium enema c.AP skull d.AP abdomen (using 70 kVp)
B) Barium enema
Which of the following energy sources will erase any residual latent image from an exposed PSP imaging plate? Select one: a.Low-dose radiation b.Bright light c.Heat d.Ultraviolet light
B) Bright light
Which term describes the back or posterior aspect of the hand? Select one: a.Dorsum pedis b.Dorsum manus c.Palmar d.Volar
B) Dorsum manus
The application of specific image processing that alters pixel values to the edges of structures is: Select one: a.smoothing. b.edge enhancement. c.magnification. d.image reversal.
B) Edge enhancement
Which of the following is a secondary growth center for endochondral ossification? Select one: a.Diaphysis b.Epiphyses c.Metaphysis d.Articular cartilage
B) Epiphyses
A low SNR is desirable in digital imaging. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
According to the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Code of Ethics, a radiologic technologist may render a diagnosis during a radiographic examination if requested by the patient. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
Decubitus chest projections are aligned for viewing the way the image receptor "sees" them. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
It is legally acceptable to annotate "right" or "left" on a digital image if the anatomic side marker is not visible. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
One gray is equivalent to 1000 rad. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
The ImageWisely® program is focused on reducing unnecessary exposure in children during imaging procedures. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
The intensity of the x-ray beam is greatest under the anode as defined by the anode heel effect. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
When aligning images of the lower leg on the monitor, the toes of the foot must be pointing upward. Select one: a.True b.False
B) False
Which radiation unit of measurement is used to describe absorbed dose? Select one: a.Coulomb per kilogram b.Gray c.Sievert d.Curie
B) Gray
Which of the following positions is often used to insert a rectal enema tip before a barium enema study? Select one: a.Fowler b.Modified Sims' c.Lithotomy d.Trendelenburg
B) Modified Sims'
A random disturbance that obscures or reduces clarity is termed: Select one: a.signal. b.noise. c.electrical fluctuation. d.variance
B) Noise
What is the name of the dense fibrous membrane that covers bone? Select one: a.Cancellous portion b.Periosteum c.Diploë d.Medullary portion
B) Periosteum
The top of the foot is placed against the image receptor with the perpendicular central ray entering the sole of the foot. What specific projection has been performed? Select one: a.Transpedal b.Plantodorsal c.Axial dorsoplantar d.Tangential plantodorsal
B) Plantodorsal
What type of collimator will automatically restrict the x-ray beam to the size of the image cassette or image receptor? Select one: a.Diaphragm b.Positive beam limiting c.Manual collimator d.Electronic focused beam
B) Positive beam limiting
A patient is lying on her back facing the x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20 degrees toward the image receptor. What is this radiographic position? Select one: a.LPO (left posterior oblique) b.RPO (right posterior oblique) c.RAO (right anterior oblique) d.LAO (left anterior oblique)
B) RPO (right posterior oblique)
A 20-year-old woman is brought into radiology from the ED with a possible fracture of the pelvis. What should the technologist do regarding gonadal shielding? Select one: a. Perform a PA projection of the pelvis and use gonadal shielding. b. Take an AP projection of the pelvis without using any shielding. c. Cover the area of the ovaries and uterus with a gonad shield for the AP pelvis projection. d. Ask the patient if she wishes to have shielding placed across her pelvis
B) Take an AP projection of the pelvis without using any shielding
A patient is erect with the left side of his chest placed against the image receptor. The central ray enters the right side of the upper chest and exits the left. Which specific position has been performed? Select one: a.Dorsal decubitus b.Transthoracic lateral c.Right lateral d.Ventral decubitus
B) Transthoracic lateral
A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a piece of wire in the palm of the hand. What is the minimum number of projections required to be taken for this radiographic study? Select one: a.One b.Two c.Three d.Four or more
B) Two
What is the minimal number of projections taken for a postreduction (to realign a fracture) study of the ankle? Select one: a.One b.Two c.Three d.Four
B) Two
What is the minimal number of projections taken for a study of the femur? Select one: a.One b.Two c.Three d.Four
B) Two
Highly complex mathematical formulas applied during digital processing of the image are termed: Select one: a.pixels. b.algorithms. c.digital filters. d.matrices.
B) algorithms
Increasing the SID to 48 inches (120 cm) from 40 inches (100 cm) and adjusting the mAs accordingly will: Select one: a.increase penumbra. b.along with the use of a small focal spot, decrease penumbra. c.decrease patient skin dose but increase internal dose because of an increase in scatter radiation. d.have no effect on image sharpness or on patient dose
B) along with the use of a small focal spot, decrease penumbra.
Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal principles of radiation protection? Select one: a.Shielding b.Filtration c.Time d.Distance
B) filtration
The range of exposure intensities that will produce an acceptable image is the definition for exposure: Select one: a.latitude. b.level. c.index. d.range.
B) level
What is the primary controlling factor for radiographic contrast in analog imaging? Select one: a.kVp b.mA c.Exposure time d.SID
B) mA
The radiographic term projection is defined as: Select one: a.general position of the patient. b.path or direction of the central ray. c.radiographic image as seen from the vantage of the image receptor. d.computer-assisted image.
B) path or direction of the central ray
The complete term for SNR is signal-to-noise: Select one: a.relationship. b.ratio. c.rationale. d.reaction.
B) ratio
What is the minimal number of projections taken for a study of the right hip? Select one: a.One b.Two c.Three d.Four
B) two
How many individual body systems comprise the human body? Select one: a.22 b.13 c.10 d.8
C) 10
The lowest level of structural organization in the human body is the _____ level. Select one: a. molecular b. cellular c. chemical d. atomic
C) Chemical
What is the most effective method to reduce the production of scatter radiation? Select one: a.Increase kVp. b.Increase mAs. c.Collimate. d.Use a grid.
C) Collimate
Which of the following terms is the opposite of ipsilateral? Select one: a.Medial b.Deviation c.Contralateral d.Axiolateral
C) Contralateral
The acronym PACS refers to picture archiving connection system. Select one: a.True b.False
C) False
The term portrait describes the long dimension of the image receptor that is aligned ____ to the long axis of the anatomy. Select one: a.perpendicular b.diagonal c.parallel d.transverse
C) Parallel
Changing or enhancing the electronic image to view it from a different perspective or improve its diagnostic quality is the general definition for: Select one: a.smoothing. b.edge enhancement. c.postprocessing. d.algorithmic conversion.
C) Postprocessing
The opposite term for supination is: Select one: a.protraction. b.adduction. c.pronation. d.retraction
C) Pronation
Which term describes lying down in any position? Select one: a.Horizontal b.Fowler c.Recumbent d.Anatomic
C) Recumbent
The structural term for a freely movable joint is: Select one: a.fibrous. b.cartilaginous. c.synovial. d.gomphosis
C) Synovial
A dorsoplantar projection would be a radiographic study of: Select one: a.any anatomic region. b.the hand. c.the foot. d.the skull.
C) The foot
What is the minimal number of projections taken for a study of the elbow? Select one: a.One b.Two c.Three d.Four
C) Three
Which of the following factors has the greatest negative impact on SNR? Select one: a. Excessive kVp b. Collimation c. Insufficient mAs d. Long SID
C) insufficient mAs
Which of the following precautions reduces radiation exposure to the technologist during a fluoroscopic procedure to the greatest degree? Select one: a.Wearing a protective lead apron of 1-mm lead thickness b.Wearing a thyroid shield c.Standing as far away as possible from the radiation scatter fields d.Turning your back to the fluoroscopy table
C) standing as far away as possible from the radiation scatter field
A radiograph of the hand is underexposed and nondiagnostic. The following analog (film-screen) exposure factors were used: 50 kVp, 2 mAs, 40-inch (100 cm) SID. Which of the following sets of exposure factors should be used during the repeat exposure? Select one: a.50 kVp, 8 mAs, 40 inches (100 cm) b.50 kVp, 1 mAs, 40 inches (100 cm) c.60 kVp, 4 mAs, 40 inches (100 cm) d.50 kVp, 4 mAs, 40 inches (100 cm)
D) 50 kVp, 4 mAs, 40 inches (100 cm)
What type of material makes up the receptor in the FPD-TFT system? Select one: a. Amorphous selenium b. Amorphous silicon c. Calcium tungstate d. Both amorphous selenium and amorphous silicon
D) Both amorphous selenium and amorphous silicon
The greater the bit depth of a digital system, the greater the: Select one: a.brightness. b.resolution. c.exposure index. d.contrast resolution.
D) Contrast Resolution
A radiograph of the abdomen demonstrates involuntary motion caused by bowel peristalsis (involuntary contractions). Which of the following factors will best eliminate this problem during the repeat exposure? Select one: a.Decrease SID. b.Turn patient into prone position rather than supine. c.Use higher kVp. d.Decrease exposure time.
D) Decrease exposure time
The amount of blackness seen on a radiograph is called: Select one: a.fog. b.scatter. c.contrast. d.density.
D) Density
A series of "boxes" that gives form to the image is the definition for: Select one: a.acquisition matrix. b.pixels. c.bit depth. d.display matrix.
D) Display matrix
A patient is lying on her back. The x-ray tube is horizontally directed with the CR entering the right side of the body. The image receptor is adjacent to the left side of the body. What is the radiographic position? Select one: a. Left lateral decubitus b. Left lateral c. Right lateral decubitus d. Dorsal decubitus
D) Dorsal decubitus
Which of the following controlling factors will most affect radiographic resolution? Select one: a.kVp b.mAs c.Filtration d.Focal spot size
D) Focal spot size
Which of the following joints displays flexion and extension type of movement primarily? Select one: a.Pivot b.Ellipsoidal c.Saddle d.Ginglymus
D) Ginglymus
Which device or technique is most effective in controlling scatter radiation in digital imaging? Select one: a.Focal spot size b.Added filtration c.Postprocessing algorithm d.Grid
D) Grid
What is the general term for a position in which the long axis of the body is angled in relationship to the image receptor rather than the central ray (e.g., special chest projection)? Select one: a.Axial b.Trendelenburg c.Decubitus d.Lordotic
D) Lordotic
Which of the following radiographic procedures often only requires a single AP projection be taken? Select one: a.Finger b.Ribs c.Chest d.Pelvis
D) Pelvis
Which of the following terms describes the sole of the foot? Select one: a.Palmar b.Dorsum c.Volar d.Plantar
D) Plantar
Which traditional unit of radiation measurement describes patient dose? Select one: a.Roentgen b.Rem c.Coulombs d.Rad
D) Rad
The application of specific image processing to reduce noise in an image is termed: Select one: a.filtration. b.photon degradation. c.attenuation. d.smoothing.
D) Smoothing
A digital storage and image management system defines a: Select one: a.radiology information system. b.digital archive. c.hospital information system. d.workstation.
D) digital archive
Exposure time is usually expressed in units of: Select one: a.seconds. b.nanoseconds. c.microseconds. d.milliseconds
D) milliseconds
Moving the foot and toes downward is: Select one: a.eversion. b.inversion. c.dorsiflexion. d.plantar flexion.
D) plantar flexion
Which aspect of the long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells? Select one: a.Compact bone b.Periosteum c.Medullary cavity d.Spongy or cancellous bone
D) spongy or cancellous bone
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? Select one: a.Radius b.Hip bone c.Clavicle d.Sternum
D) sternum
What is the complete term for RIS? Select one: a.Radiographic imaging system b.Radiology interpretation system c.Radiology information system d.Reduced intensity system
Radiology information system
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a PACS? Select one: a.Simultaneous viewing of images at multiple locations b.Elimination of misplaced, damaged, or missing films c.Rapid chemical processing of images d.Rapid (electronic) transfer of images within the hospital
Rapid chemical processing of images