Chapter 1 Review Questions (Test Prep)

an binary a 0 + 0 = ______.

0

in binary a 1 + 1 = ______.

0 and carry the one to the next column

an binary a 1 + 0 = ______.

1

in binary a 1 + 1 + 1 = ______.

1 and carry another 1 to the next column

What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte?

255

a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the english letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is _______.

ASCII

What is the purpose of ASCII?

ASCII is a set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters.

1.2 What is hardware?

All of the physical devices, or components, that a computer is made of

1.4 What part of the computer actually runs programs?

CPU

the part of a computer that runs programs is called _______.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

A syntax error does not prevent a program from being compiled and executed.

False (If even a single syntax error appears in a program, the program cannot be executed.)

Programs that use an interpreter generally execute faster than compiled programs because they are already entirely translated into machine language when executed.

False (Programs that are compiled generally execute faster than programs that are interpreted because a compiled program is already translated entirely to machine language when it is executed.)

Assembly language is referred to as a high-level language because it is similar to the C++ language.

False (assembly language is so close in nature to machine language, it is referred to as a low-level language.)

RAM is volatile memory which means it cannot be erased.

False (that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running. When the computer is turned off, the contents of RAM are erased.)

A(n) ________ is a software package that usually consists of a text editor, a compiler or interpreter, and tools to test and debug programs.

IDE (Integrated Development Environments).

a component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called _____.

Input

today, CPUs are small chips known as _______.

Microprocessors

this is a volatile type of memory that is only used for temporary storage while a program is running.

RAM (random-access memory)

a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time -even when there is no power to the computer- is called _______.

Secondary storage

________ is the term used for a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program.

Syntax

The main reason to use secondary storage is to hold data for long periods of time, even when the power to the computer is turned off.

True

1.1 What is a program?

a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

in ACSII how do you convert an uppercase letter to a lower case letter.

add a binary on in the 32 bit location. lowercase letters have a value that is exactly 32 higher then their uppercase counterparts.

What does the term bit stand for?

binary digit

In a(n) ______ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s.

binary numbering system

1.10 What do you call a tiny "switch" that can be set to either on or off?

bit

a byte is made up of eight ______.

bits

a _____ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

byte

the physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ______.

components

real numbers are encoded using the _____ technique.

floating-point notation.

The physical devices that make up a computer are its ________.

hardware

this part of the computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in ________.

main memory (RAM)

what term is used to describe half a byte?

nibble

a bit that is is turned off represents the following value ___.

off

a video display is an ______.

output device

A ____ is a set of instructions that a computer follow to perform a task

program

1.3 List the five major components of a computer system.

secondary storage, output devices, input devices, CPU, RAM

A program cannot be translated if it has ________ errors.

syntax

negative numbers are encoded using using the ______ technique.

two's complement

2 bytes is referred to as a ______.

word