Chapter 10

While there are many varieties of banana, only the Cavendish variety is suitable for mass production and worldwide trade. It is being decimated by a soil fungus in Asia. If the banana fungus should reach the Americas before a treatment is discovered, it could spell the end of bananas in North American supermarkets. If that were to happen, how would the extinction of the Cavendish banana be categorized?

Brought on by an invasive species

What is the dominant greenhouse gas that is causing global warming?

CO2

Where is the majority of Earth's biomass produced?

Deep oceans

What is the name of the theoretical maximum rate of population growth?

Exponential

Where would a coral reef most likely be found?

In the oceanic photic zone

The Asian kudzu bug (Megacopta cribaria) arrived in Atlanta in 2009 and is quickly spreading across the South. In addition to eating kudzu, it also eats soybeans and can decimate entire crops. The kudzu bug is a type of ________ species.

Invasive

Why is an estuary considered an intermediate biome?

It is the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater biomes.

What type of species, if removed from the community, could lead to the collapse of the entire community?

Keystone species

How does an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases increase global temperatures?

Prevents heat from escaping the planet's surface

All ecosystems need energy. What is the originating source for most of the energy that powers ecosystems on this planet?

Solar energy

At what level is biodiversity often studied and measured?

The diversity of genes in a population The diversity of species in an community The diversity of ecosystems on the planet

Human birth rate peaked in the 1980s and has been slowly declining ever since. How is this expected to affect our population size over the next several decades?

The human population size will continue to increase, but not as fast as before.

An age pyramid with a broad base that quickly slopes up to a narrow top would be indicative of ________.

a developing nation

Using sunflower plants to naturally remove heavy toxins from contaminated soil is an example of ________.

bioremediation

Counting the number of turtle nests along a beach to determine if a recent oil spill had affected the local population is an example of ________ science.

discovery

Which of the following examples of adaptation fall into the same category of either anatomical, behavioral, or physiological response to environmental conditions?

A plant growing toward a light source and a plant growing in the direction of wind

What category describes a species that, while not presently at risk of extinction, could likely be at risk of extinction in the near future?

A threatened species

All living things need nitrogen. How does nitrogen enter the living portion of an ecosystem?

Atmospheric N2 taken in by soil bacteria

Which of the following is not an example of an abiotic factor?

Bacteria

What is the term used to describe relatively small areas with unusually high concentrations of species found there and nowhere else, including many species in high risk of extinction? These areas receive the focus of global conservation efforts.

Biodiversity hot spot

The use of multiple forms of pest control including biological, chemical, and the planting of pest-resistant crops is a strategy commonly called ________.

integrated pest management

An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area.

living and nonliving things

The tendency of toxins to accumulate in top predators is called biological ________.

magnification

Phytoplankton is an example of a(n. ________.

producer

A biome characterized by warm, fairly dry climate that primarily contains grasses with scattered, isolated trees is a ________.

savanna

Species diversity is highest when ________.

species richness is high and relative abundance is evenly distributed

The responsible management (use and conservation. of the earth's resources indefinitely using science-driven policies and practices is called ________.

sustainable development

"Ecology" is best defined as the study of ________.

the interactions between living organisms and their environments

Terrestrial biomes are defined in a large part by ________.

the plants that live there

A dispersion pattern refers to ________.

the spacing of organism throughout a habitat