Chapter 10

What is NOT one of the basic parts of a bag-valve-mask system?

15/25 respiratory fitting

The safe residual for an oxygen cylinder is ________ psi.

200

What is the percentage of oxygen provided by connecting a high flow of oxygen to the oxygen inlet found on a pocket mask?

50%

The oxygen flow rate for a nasal cannula should not exceed ________ liters per minute.

6

A nonrebreather mask at 12 to 15 liters per minute will generally provide the patient what percentage of oxygen?

80-100

Which of the following patients does NOT require the administration of supplemental oxygen?

A 24-year-old woman who is breathing 28 times per minute after being in an argument with her husband

Why does a patient involved in an auto crash who has major internal abdominal bleeding require oxygen to maintain internal respiration?

A lack of circulating volume decreases the oxygen and carbon dioxide transport capability.

Which of these patients would require a tracheostomy mask for supplemental oxygen administration?

A patient with a stoma

You have arrived at the scene of a call for a "man down." As you enter the residence you note that your patient is a male in his mid-60s who is awake but does not seem to acknowledge your presence. He is perspiring profusely, has cyanosis of his ears and lips, and has rapid, shallow respirations. Which of the following should you do first?

Assist ventilations with a bag-valve mask and supplemental oxygen.

What is the relatively rare condition that can cause respiratory depression?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has changed the stimulus to breathe to the hypoxic drive and high concentration can depress breathing

What are the signs of hypoxia?

Commonly seen as blue or gray skin, deterioration of patient's mental status like confusion or restlessness

Which of the following oxygen cylinders would normally run out after 50 minutes when flowing at 10 liters per minute?

E tank

Which of the following is acceptable for maintaining a seal between an oxygen cylinder and regulator?

Gasket

Which of the following colors identifies an oxygen cylinder?

Green and white

The normal stimulus to breathe is stimulated by the chemoreceptors that measure the change of what two gases?

High carbon dioxide and low oxygen

What signs and symptoms would indicate inadequate breathing in a patient?

Increased effort to breathe, cyanosis, cool clammy skin, altered mental status

Before applying a nonrebreather mask, the EMT should take what action?

Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

Which of the following statements BEST describes the exchange of gas in the alveoli?

Inflate the reservoir bag and make sure the bag does not deflate during inspiration.

In assessing a patient's breathing, what is your first question?

Is he breathing?

You and your EMT partner are preparing to ventilate an elderly non-trauma patient who has a stoma. Your partner performs the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and you ask him to return the patient's head to a neutral position. "Why? This is not a pediatric patient!" your partner protests. What would you say?

It is not necessary to position the airway of a stoma breather when providing ventilations.

Concerning the use of humidified oxygen, which of the following is true?

It is not of great benefit during short transports but can make the patient more comfortable.

Why is inhalation described as an active process?

It requires chest muscles to contract and use energy to move, creating a negative pressure.

Which of the following is the best device to deliver high-concentration oxygen to a breathing patient?

Nonrebreather mask

What device is used to perform mouth-to-mask ventilation?

Pocket face mask

Of the three types of oxygen flowmeters, which one can only be used upright?

Pressure-compensated flowmeter

Which of the following is necessary to deliver oxygen to patients at a safe pressure?

Regulator

Which of the following describes why fast respiration may decrease minute volume?

The lungs may not have the time to fill and exchange gas.

Which of the following BEST describes inadequate breathing?

The minute volume is less than normal

To calculate the minute volume, you need to multiply what two measurements?

Tidal volume and respiratory rate

Your patient is a motorcyclist who was ejected after striking a guard rail. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli and is breathing shallowly six to eight times per minute. Which of the following should you do first?

Use a bag-valve mask with supplemental oxygen.

You are transporting a 44-year-old female with chest pain and sudden respiratory distress. She is agitated, anxious, and refuses to have a nonrebreather mask applied. Which of the following is the best option?

Use a nasal cannula instead.

A 21-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and audible wheezes, heart rate of 124, respiration 36; he has significantly altered mental status. What is the treatment for this patient?

Ventilate with a bag-valve mask with high oxygen or FROPVD.

When does respiratory distress change to respiratory failure?

When the respiratory challenge continues, the systems cannot keep up with the demand, and skin color and mental status change

Your patient is a 55-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis. You have been called to his home today because of an increase in his level of respiratory distress. The patient is on 2 liters per minute of oxygen by nasal cannula at home. Your assessment reveals difficulty speaking due to shortness of breath, leaning forward to breathe, a productive cough, and a respiratory rate of 32 per minute. Which of the following is true concerning the best course of action for this patient?

You should increase the patient's oxygen flow rate to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to his tissues. If his respiratory rate decreases, you can assist him with a bag-valve-mask device.

Your patient is a 65-year-old male with a history of COPD. He is sitting up and complaining of a severe shortness of breath. You should:

apply a nonrebreather mask giving 15 lpm of oxygen.

You are ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his abdomen is getting bigger. You should:

apply cricoid pressure.

A 16-year-old patient presents with labored breathing and increased respiratory rate, increased heart rate, and leaning forward with his hands on his knees. His skin is pink and his accurate pulse oximetry is 96. This patient is suffering from respiratory:

distress

For life to be maintained, a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is needed. The condition when oxygen levels are low is called:

hypoxia.

Venturi masks are designed to mix oxygen with:

inhaled air.

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the cell membranes from the capillaries is called:

internal respiration.

A ________ is NOT typically used in the prehospital setting for oxygen administration.

partial rebreather mask

The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and circulating blood is called:

pulmonary (external) respiration.

You are aggressively ventilating an adult patient with a bag-valve mask when you notice that his previously strong pulse is getting weaker. You should:

reduce the volume of the ventilations.

You are attempting to replace the oxygen cylinder in your truck. After removing the regulator from the old cylinder, removing the old cylinder, and placing the new cylinder in the oxygen compartment, you attempt to connect the regulator. The new cylinder has a yellow stripe around it instead of a green one but was stored with the green cylinders. You are unable to get the regulator to seat properly and it will not turn. You should:

remove the cylinder and get a green cylinder

The process of air moving in and out of the chest is called:

ventilation