Chapter 10

In which location would sheltering-in-place likely be used instead of evacuation? Select one: a. Daycare center b. Low-rise apartment building c. Open-air market d. Hospital

Hospital

In which situation would it be appropriate to call a MAYDAY? A firefighter is trapped Mutual aid has not arrived The fire has entered the growth stage An injured victim is unable to be transported

A firefighter is trapped

In which situation would firefighters likely use an air monitoring device? Select one: a. A medical call where multiple victims have collapsed for an unknown reason b. A car accident requiring victim extrication c. When assisting a high-angle rescue team d. Fire in a trash container

A medical call where multiple victims have collapsed for an unknown reason

Why must locating and isolating the fire be a priority before any search? Select one: a. Entering to search provides a ventilation opening to the structure, which could cause fire to spread. b. Property protection is a higher incident priority than life safety. c. Smoke from the fire makes performing searches more difficult. d. Primary search cannot be performed until after the fire has been controlled.

Entering to search provides a ventilation opening to the structure, which could cause fire to spread.

Which coupling on a hoseline will indicate you are headed toward an egress point? a. Joint b. Female c. Bypass d. Male

Male

In which search method does the leader remain at a fixed point while searching team members spread out through a room to complete a search? Select one: a. Wide-area search method b. VEIS method c. Shelter-in-place method d. Oriented-search method

Oriented-search method

Which type of search is intended to quickly find victims before or during suppression operations? Primary search Anchored search Contained search Secondary search

Primary search

_____ consist of at least two trained members standing by in case a firefighter must be rescued. Mutual aid teams Forcible entry teams Secondary search crews Rapid intervention crews

Rapid intervention crews

What actions should you NEVER take after locating a downed firefighter inside a structure? Remove your facepiece to share your air supply Deactivate the downed firefighter's PASS device Connect the firefighter's facepiece to a different, functioning SCBA Move the firefighter to a safe haven rather than outside the structure

Remove your facepiece to share your air supply

What is the purpose of a rapid intervention crew (RIC)? Select one: a. Rescue injured or trapped victims b. Rescue injured or trapped firefighters c. Perform a primary search d. Perform a secondary search

Rescue injured or trapped firefighters

What are action levels in the context of performing air monitoring? The levels of PPE required working in the IDLH environment. Responses to chemicals or products that will trigger some action. An indicator or group of indicators that demonstrate a need for air monitoring. Separate tasks required for air monitoring during offensive, defensive, or nonintervention operations.

Responses to chemicals or products that will trigger some action.

Which situation would be a considered MAYDAY situation? SCBA malfunctions A piece of equipment breaks Fire enters the growth stage Fire spreads to an adjacent structure

SCBA malfunctions

How can you help rescuers find you if you are forced to shelter in place? Select one: a. Remain in the fire compartment b. Do not go far from your assigned area c. Shine a light through available windows to draw attention to your location d. Leave all doors open and marked to indicate your location Clear my choice

Shine a light through available windows to draw attention to your location

Escaping to a safe haven is the best options when: Select one: a. there is imminent threat of structural collapse. b. the rest of your team is in the hazard zone. c. the primary search has been completed. d. your low-pressure alarm sounds.

there is imminent threat of structural collapse.

A minimum of _____ firefighters are needed to perform VEIS if using a ladder. Select one: a. one b. three c. four d. two

three

Which acronym describes the mandatory tools carried by a rapid intervention crew? Select one: a. PART - PPE, Air monitoring equipment, Radio, Thermal imager b. AWARE - Air, Water, A Radio, Extrication c. PATH - PPE, Axe, Thermal imager, Flashlight d. AWAKE - Air, Water, Axe, K-tool, Extrication

AWARE - Air, Water, A Radio, Extrication

When does the secondary search take place? Select one: a. Before fire suppression operations b. During fire suppression operations c. As soon as resources are available d. After the fire is under control

After the fire is under control

Which of the following actions should be taken immediately when MAYDAY is broadcast? Select one: a. All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to the MAYDAY is allowed. b. The MAYDAY crew is dispatched to locate the downed firefighter. c. Personnel near the downed firefighter should proceed to assist with rescue. d. All assigned units are directed to assist with searching for the firefighter who has broadcast the MAYDAY.

All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to the MAYDAY is allowed.

Where should you start the search on the fire floor? Select one: a. Where victims are most likely to be b. As close to the fire as possible c. At the entrance d. Where victims will be easiest to rescue

As close to the fire as possible

What should you do if you become entangled while trying to evacuate a building? Select one: a. Wait calmly for another firefighter to find you b. Broadcast a MAYDAY, then attempt to free yourself c. Remove your SCBA and cut the wires d. Contact the rapid intervention crew by radio

Broadcast a MAYDAY, then attempt to free yourself

Which action can protect the egress pathways during a search so that the search team can escape if conditions change rapidly? Select one: a. Only allow one search team in an area at a time b. Use an air monitoring device to check for dangerous gas levels in the compartment c. Open all doors in the path to make more exit points available d. Close doors along the egress path after rooms are searched

Close doors along the egress path after rooms are searched

Which type of carry or drag is commonly used for children, but is not practical for unconscious adults? Select one: a. Cradle-in-arms lift/carry b. Webbing drag c. Extremities lift/carry d. Incline drag

Cradle-in-arms lift/carry

What is the best option when rapid fire development is about to occur? Select one: a. Shelter in place b. Escape to a safe haven c. Remain in place and use the hoseline for protection d. Advance to the seat of the fire to extinguish it before it grows

Escape to a safe haven

What is the safest option if there is imminent threat of structural collapse? Remain in place until ordered to evacuate Move to a location protected by a fire wall Escape to a safe haven outside the hazard area Use forcible entry tools to shore unstable materials

Escape to a safe haven outside the hazard area

What is a rescuer's role in occupant self-evacuation? Select one: a. Establishing a safe haven away from the structure b. Treating injured victims c. Moving victims to a protected location inside the structure d. Keeping bystanders out of the safe haven area

Establishing a safe haven away from the structure

After locating a downed firefighter in an IDLH atmosphere, what is the RIC's priority? Select one: a. Extinguishing the fire b. Rescuing other victims c. Stabilizing the firefighter's injuries d. Exiting the IDLH atmosphere

Exiting the IDLH atmosphere

Which basic firefighting skill serves as an essential survival skill during search and rescue operations? Select one: a. Using air monitoring devices to sample the atmosphere b. Forcing a window or cutting through debris c. Using a hoseline to perform hydraulic ventilation d. Operating a portable fire extinguisher to put out an incipient fire

Forcing a window or cutting through debris

One limitation of thermal imagers is that: Select one: a. there are no fixed standards for interpretation of data. b. If a structure is carpeted, they may not be able to detect fire on the floors below. c. they may not be able to help improve visibility in an obscured environment. d. they have a fairly long instrument response time.

If a structure is carpeted, they may not be able to detect fire on the floors below.

Which is an accurate statement about using an air-monitoring device? Select one: a. Only one type of air-monitoring device should be used at an incident. b. If devices are used incorrectly, the safety of everyone around can be in jeopardy. c. Air-monitoring devices can only measure one type of gas, so multiple varieties are needed at each incident. d. Air-monitoring devices must be used under the supervision of a company officer.

If devices are used incorrectly, the safety of everyone around can be in jeopardy.

How can the instrument reaction time of an air monitor affect the safety of firefighters? The greater the instrument reaction time, the earlier the device's alarm will sound. A device with a long instrument reaction time will require the operator to make several calculations and conversions. If firefighters move too slowly, the device will not have the necessary amount of product required to properly measure the concentration. If firefighters move too quickly, they may find themselves in a situation where the toxic gas concentration is much higher than the meter indicates.

If firefighters move too quickly, they may find themselves in a situation where the toxic gas concentration is much higher than the meter indicates.

Which method is designed to enable a rescuer to move a victim up or down a stairway? a. Webbing drag b. Litter carry c. Extremities lift d. Incline drag

Incline drag

What should be done when an injured victim is found during search and rescue? a. Injured victims should not be moved until they have been assessed and treated, unless they or the firefighter are in immediate danger. b. Move the injured victim to a safe location to perform assessment and treatment. c. Injured children should be moved to a safe location before treatment, but injured adults can remain in place. d. Injured victims should only be moved if there aren't enough personnel to treat them and suppress the fire at the same time.

Injured victims should not be moved until they have been assessed and treated, unless they or the firefighter are in immediate danger.

What describes a secondary search conducted during a structure fire? It is conducted rapidly and covers known or likely locations of victims. It is a thorough search led by a firefighter who participated in the primary search. It is just as systematic as a primary search and is conducted after the fire is under control. It requires the use of SCBA unless air monitoring has determined the atmosphere to be safe.

It is just as systematic as a primary search and is conducted after the fire is under control.

Why is breaching interior walls not a preferred method of escape? Select one: a. It could cause possible harm to victims sheltering in the next room. b. It requires specialized tools and requires responders to remove SCBA. c. It inflicts too much damage on the structure. d. It requires strength, depletes air supply, and creates an additional flow path.

It requires strength, depletes air supply, and creates an additional flow path.

Which of the following is one of the three principles of air management? Select one: a. Always use short, quick breaths. b. Know your point of no return. c. Leave the structure when your cylinder reaches 50% capacity. d. Turn your SCBA off once you have found an area of safe haven.

Know your point of no return.

Which condition specific to search and rescue operations should be communicated to crew members and/or your supervisor? Select one: a. Names of victims or occupants b. Wind direction and speed c. Known locations of victims or occupants d. Building's construction classification

Known locations of victims or occupants

Why should personnel search behind doors and on the floor below windows? Select one: a. Visibility and air quality are best in these places. b. Smoke may overcome occupants while they are trying to escape. c. These places must be marked in the primary search. d. Occupants are most likely to find shelter in these places.

Smoke may overcome occupants while they are trying to escape.

Which tool or piece of equipment does a rapid intervention crew (RIC) need to carry? Extension ladder Portable generator Hearing protection Spare SCBA cylinder

Spare SCBA cylinder

Which action will improve survivability and possibly provide more time to escape a situation that is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)? Staying low to the floor Moving to the center of the room Opening doors on the way to the exit Exiting the structure at the point farthest from the fire

Staying low to the floor

How does staying low to the floor improve survivability? Select one: a. It removes toxins such as carbon monoxide (CO) b. Temperatures are cooler and air may be less contaminated c. This places a barrier between you and the fire, allowing you more time to find an egress point d. It allows you to exit a structure more quickly

Temperatures are cooler and air may be less contaminated

Why should firefighters exit the IDLH before their low-pressure alarm activates? Select one: a. The remaining air is an average, not specific to each firefighter, so it may be insufficient to exit from both short and long distances. b. Hearing the alarm may cause panic, which will speed up air consumption. c. The remaining air is insufficient to exit even if no emergencies occur. d. The remaining air is insufficient to exit from deep inside a large structure and does not take into account emergencies that may be encountered.

The remaining air is insufficient to exit from deep inside a large structure and does not take into account emergencies that may be encountered.

What types of tools and equipment do search and rescue personnel carry? Select one: a. pH meters and fluoride test paper b. Thermal imagers and forcible entry tools c. Hydraulic rescue equipment d. Power saws and hydraulic tools

Thermal imagers and forcible entry tools

When should you check your SCBA gauge to see how much air you have left? Select one: a. Every time a new area or room is reached b. Within 30 seconds of entering an IDLH atmosphere c. Every two minutes d. When the assigned area is reached

When the assigned area is reached

Which search method employs the use of markers such as knots at regular intervals along the search line to indicate distance from the beginning of the search line? Select one: a. Wide-area search method b. VEIS method c. Self-evacuation method d. Oriented-search method

Wide-area search method

A primary search is: Select one: a. performed by one person. b. a slow thorough search conducted after the fire is under control. c. not the time to rescue victims. d. a fast, thorough search performed either before or during fire suppression operations.

a fast, thorough search performed either before or during fire suppression operations.

A MAYDAY is called when: Select one: a. a firefighter is in immediate danger. b. unconscious victims are located. c. there is a partial roof collapse. d. hazardous materials are found in a structure.

a firefighter is in immediate danger.

The AHJ should establish action levels that describe how firefighters should respond to high- or low-level alarms while performing: Select one: a. MAYDAY training. b. air monitoring. c. forcible entry. d. ventilation.

air monitoring.

Air monitoring is performed at incidents in order to determine the: cause of the fire. origin of the fire. appropriate PPE and equipment to use. number of personnel allowed into the IDLH.

appropriate PPE and equipment to use.

When you are seeking to escape and you locate a window, you should: Select one: a. use an escape rope to descend from the window. b. break the glass and lower yourself to the ground head first. c. break the window glass using heavy furniture in the room. d. ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse.

ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse.

You should leave the hazard zone: Select one: a .once all victims have been rescued. b. when you reach 50% air consumption. c. if a PASS alarm is activated. d. at the same time as your team.

at the same time as your team.

An atmosphere is considered oxygen-deficient when oxygen levels are: a. above 23.5%. b. below 19.5%. c. between 20.5% and 21.9%. d. between 19.5% and 20.9%.

below 19.5%.

To employ effective air management techniques during search and rescue, firefighters must: a. use an air monitoring device to scan the work environment. b. check SCBA air levels after periods of heavy work. c. check SCBA air levels every five minutes. d. rely on the company officer to determine a point of no return.

check SCBA air levels after periods of heavy work.

When conducting search and rescue operations, firefighters should: work in teams of at least four people. remain in visual contact with the Incident Commander. close doors to create protected areas and avoid creating additional flow paths. advance an uncharged hoseline to offer protection in the event of unexpected fire spread.

close doors to create protected areas and avoid creating additional flow paths

If a fire is encountered in a room during search and rescue operations, rescuers should: Select one: a. leave the door open to provide ventilation to the compartment. b. close the door and report the conditions. c. mark the door with USAR-approved symbols. d. abandon the search and immediately leave the building.

close the door and report the conditions.

If you think your life is in immediate danger, transmit the MAYDAY signal and then: Select one: a. communicate your situation to the IC before activating your PASS device. b. call the rapid intervention crew. c. activate your PASS device before communicating your situation to the IC. d. provide personnel accountability report.

communicate your situation to the IC before activating your PASS device.

Situational awareness during structural search and rescue includes: practicing MAYDAY and rapid intervention techniques. communicating changes in fire spread and visibility levels. using the correct rescue tools for the task being performed. marking the building with the known number of victims inside.

communicating changes in fire spread and visibility levels.

Firefighters use air-monitoring devices to: Select one: a. test the air quality in an SCBA cylinder. b. inspect the air inside apparatus tires. c. measure ambient air temperatures. d. detect oxygen levels and hazardous substances.

detect oxygen levels and hazardous substances.

A tracking device set to search mode: Select one: a. will not transmit a signal through walls, floors, or other solid objects. b. makes noise to alert rescuers to the downed firefighter's location. c. displays the distance and direction toward another receiver. d. is only activated when a PASS device fails.

displays the distance and direction toward another receiver.

Before entering an IDLH environment, you must: Select one: a. don the highest level of PPE available to you. b. document the exact tools and equipment you are taking into the structure. c. ensure that your SCBA is turned on, working properly, and contains a full cylinder of air. d. estimate the total time to be spent in the structure based on your team's average air consumption rate.

ensure that your SCBA is turned on, working properly, and contains a full cylinder of air.

During search and rescue operations, rescuers should NOT: Select one: a. close doors during the search. b. move quickly and stay close to the wall of a hallway or room when it is filled with smoke. c. exit the building by turning in the opposite direction that was turned to enter. d. enter a structure where survivors are not likely to be found.

enter a structure where survivors are not likely to be found.

When an evacuation signal is given, all units on scene must: a. complete tactical assignments, then exit the building. b. activate their PASS device warning alarms. c .exit the building and physically report to the Incident Commander (IC). d. give a personnel accountability report (PAR).

give a personnel accountability report (PAR).

For firefighters, the environment may remain tenable as long as: a. they are wearing PPE and SCBA. b. the IC determines it is safe to remain inside. c. they are wearing the highest levels of PPE and SCBA designated for rescue operations. d. heat levels and duration of the interior operations stay within acceptable limits for the PPE and SCBA provided.

heat levels and duration of the interior operations stay within acceptable limits for the PPE and SCBA provided.

An advantage of using thermal imagers during search and rescue operations is: Select one: a. the ability to see through water, glass, and other reflective surfaces. b. improved visibility in an obscured environment. c. the ability to detect fires through carpeted floors. d. detection of people under or behind furniture and on the opposite side of walls.

improved visibility in an obscured environment.

Under normal conditions, air management increases your work time, but if you are lost or trapped, it: Select one: a. will decrease your survivable time before rescue and increase your energy output. b. will not be effective, because adrenaline and stress will drastically increase your consumption rate. c. decreases the amount of time you can survive before escaping or being rescued. d. increases the amount of time you can survive before escaping or being rescued.

increases the amount of time you can survive before escaping or being rescued.

To remain safe when evacuating a structure,: a. remain upright and move quickly. b. crawl in a direct path across the shortest part of the room. c. avoid exiting the building through a window. d. keep in contact with the wall.

keep in contact with the wall.

Before entering an area that is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH), you must: turn on your thermal imager. know the number of victims inside. set your portable radio to the Command channel. know an alternate means of egress from the structure.

know an alternate means of egress from the structure.

In order to conduct an effective search operation, firefighters must know the: a. age of the building. b. time the next apparatus will respond. c. location of the nearest water supply. d. layout or floor plan of the building.

layout or floor plan of the building.

If you are near the downed firefighter when a MAYDAY transmission is made: a. listen closely for your orders after the transmission and do not freelance. b. immediately ventilate the area. c. immediately rush to assist with the rescue. d. exit the area immediately.

listen closely for your orders after the transmission and do not freelance.

An atmosphere is considered hazardous if it contains a hazardous gas in excess of 10 percent of the hazardous material's: Select one: a. upper combustible limit (UCL). b. ignition range. c. lower explosive limit. d. flammability threshold.

lower explosive limit.

If there is heavy smoke or extreme heat in a compartment that is being searched, rescuers should: Select one: a. attempt to extinguish the fire. b. stand to get a better view. c. move below the smoke level. d. check the heat signature with a thermal imager.

move below the smoke level.

When removing a firefighter with functioning SCBA from a hazardous location: Select one: a. reconnect the firefighter's facepiece to the SCBA tank. b. connect the firefighter's facepiece to another SCBA. c. move the firefighter carefully so as not to dislodge the mask. d. remove the firefighter's facepiece and inspect it before continuing. Clear my choice

move the firefighter carefully so as not to dislodge the mask.

If an exterior wall must be breached during search and rescue operations, rescue personnel: Select one: a. must coordinate with the rapid intervention crew before making the opening. b. should provide the IC with a personnel accountability report (PAR). c. must coordinate with the IC and ventilation teams before making the opening. d. should maintain contact with the search line or hoseline.

must coordinate with the IC and ventilation teams before making the opening.

Panic, claustrophobia, and disorientation are effects of: Select one: a. chronic exposure to products of combustion. b. obscured vision conditions. c. long-term exposure to radiation. d. pulmonary edema.

obscured vision conditions.

Search and rescue marks should be placed: Select one: a. on the lower third of the door, the lower third of the adjacent wall, or in the landing of the adjacent stairs. b. on the upper third of the door or the upper third of the adjacent wall. c. in the middle of the door, in the middle of the adjacent wall, or in the middle of the adjacent stairs. d. in the middle of the door or the middle of the opposite wall.

on the lower third of the door, the lower third of the adjacent wall, or in the landing of the adjacent stairs.

Actions such as opening a bypass valve on a cylinder, sharing air, and breathing directly from the cylinder are: Select one: a. unlikely to occur at a search and rescue operation. b. suggested responses to structural collapse. c. possible solutions to air emergencies. d. never allowed according to SOPs.

possible solutions to air emergencies.

To be physically and mentally prepared for survival during search and rescue operations, you should: Select one: a. follow orders without question. b. push yourself past your limits. c. allow the IC to look out for your crew members' safety. d. practice emergency exit techniques.

practice emergency exit techniques.

An advantage of marking with latch straps is that they: Select one: a. are more visible than other types of markers. b. are more fire resistant than other types of markers. c. prevent the door from closing. d. keep the door closed.

prevent the door from closing.

When any evacuation signal is given, all exiting crews must: Select one: a. confirm the evacuation order with the IC before exiting the structure. b. proceed to a designated safe area outside the collapse zone. c. activate their personal alert safety system (PASS) devices. d. ensure that all victims have been evacuated before leaving the structure.

proceed to a designated safe area outside the collapse zone.

Immediately after a MAYDAY is broadcast, all: radio traffic unrelated to the MAYDAY must stop. firefighters on scene must evacuate the building. firefighters on scene must activate their PASS devices. radio traffic must be switch over to the Command channel.

radio traffic unrelated to the MAYDAY must stop.

VEIS is only intended for: Select one: a. larger structural searches. b. rapid rescue of victims and the isolation of individual rooms. c. rooms that are involved with the fire or show conditions of flashover. d. rooms in the interior of the structure.

rapid rescue of victims and the isolation of individual rooms.

Rooms or close areas where the door can be closed to prevent the spread of heat, smoke, and toxic gases into that space are called: Select one: a. escape rooms. b. safe havens. c. fireproof assemblies. d. protective units.

safe havens.

A search of the fire floor generally: a. requires four teams of firefighters. b. requires more time than searches on other floors. c. starts at the entrance and works counterclockwise toward the fire. d. starts as close to the fire as possible and works back toward the entrance.

starts as close to the fire as possible and works back toward the entrance.

While in a structure searching for a downed firefighter, the RIC should: Select one: a. start the search closest to the fire. b. radio to Command as they head from one room to another. c. open closed doors in order to prevent backdraft. d. stop frequently and briefly remain silent.

stop frequently and briefly remain silent.

During a wide-area search, every team member is equipped with a: Select one: a. backup SCBA cylinder. b. thermal imager. c. tether line. d. high-capacity SCBA cylinder.

tether line.

If air monitoring indicates that the oxygen level in the atmosphere is below 19.5 percent,: Select one: a. the area is said to be an oxygen-enriched environment. b. respiratory protection other than SCBA must be used. c. the IC or Incident Safety Officer should be notified. d. SCBA is no longer necessary for rescuers in the area.

the IC or Incident Safety Officer should be notified.

Your point of no return is based on: Select one: a. the lowest cylinder gauge reading of any member of the team. b. how many members are on the rescue team. c. how many people need to be rescued. d. the highest cylinder gauge reading of any member of the team.

the lowest cylinder gauge reading of any member of the team.

During a secondary search, rescuers should not remove SCBA until: Select one: a. there are no visible flames. b. the supervisor or safety officer determines that the atmosphere is safe. c. it is determined that there are no remaining victims. d. the room is clear of smoke.

the supervisor or safety officer determines that the atmosphere is safe.

Secondary searches: Select one: a. and primary searches are conducted by the same personnel. b. do not require SCBA. c. use the same steps as primary searches. d. use different steps than the primary searches, but are just as organized.

use the same steps as primary searches.

The four steps involved in VEIS are: Select one: a. vent, enter, isolate, search. b. vent, exit, isolate, save. c. victim location, evacuation, isolate, search. d. vent, enter, isolate, substitute.

vent, enter, isolate, search.

A bump test is performed to: Select one: a. verify that a gas detector is functioning properly. b. test the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. c. reset a gas detector to factory default settings. d. test the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.

verify that a gas detector is functioning properly.

Shelter-in-place is used as an alternative to evacuation when: victims refuse to leave the hazardous area. victims are so injured that they cannot be moved. the structure is surrounded by high risk exposures. the structure is protected by fire walls or fire doors.

victims are so injured that they cannot be moved.

In order to safely conduct a primary search, rescuers should: Select one: a. wait to search until the fire has been extinguished. b. move slowly and check in with the IC after searching each room. c. work in teams of two or more. d. split up to cover a larger area.

work in teams of two or more.