chapter 10 bio test

A cell that has 5 chromosomes in the G1 phase will have ____________________ chromatids in the G2 phase.

10

If the surface area of a cell that is shaped like a cube increases 100 times, its volume increases about

1000 times

The number of sister chromatids in a human body cell that is entering cell division is ____________________.

92

Which of the following is an advantage of asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction can establish a population quickly in a stable environment.

cell division is represented in figure 10-3 by letter

D

List the correct order for the diagrams in Figure 10-10.

DACB

Which pair includes a phase of the cell cycle and a cellular process that occurs during that phase?

G2 phase, preparation for mitosis

Explain the role that p53 might have had in the growth and division of the cells shown in each diagram in Figure 10-12.

In figure A, p53 obviously didn't work. It wasn't stable enough for it to stop other cells from "misbehaving" and perform apoptosis. In figure B, the p53 gene had to potential to get other cells to stop diving into other places by doing apoptosis.

What does Figure 10-10 represent? How do you know if this is an animal cell or a plant cell?

It's an animal cell because the cells are symmetrical

When during the cell cycle is the cell's DNA replicated

S phase

Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction creates genetic diversity that leads to selection.

Look at Figure 10-12. Which diagram shows cancer cells? How do you know?

The figure that shows cancer is figure A. It shows cancer because the cancer cells have begun to spread throughout the organism.

The main events of the cell cycle are labeled A, B, C, and D in Figure 10-3. Name these events. Then, briefly state what happens during each event.

The first event is G1 phase. In G1 phase the cell is growing. The next phase is S phase and in that phase, the DNA is replicating. The next phase is G2 phase and in that phase, it's preparing for mitosis. The last phase is Mitosis, where is going through PMAT, then cytokinesis.

Identify each phase shown in Figure 10-9 above and the order in which they occur.

The first phase is 3 which is G2. The next phase is 2, which is prophase. The following phase is 5, which is metaphase. The next one is 1, which is anaphase. Then the last one is telophase.

Why are stem cells important?

They have the potential to develop into other cell types

What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

They help separate the chromosomes.

one difference between cell division in plant cells and animal cells is that plant cells have

a cell plate

After cell division, each daughter cell has

a higher surface area/volume ratio than the parent cell

Harvesting ____________________ stem cells from a willing donor is not as controversial as harvesting techniques that involve the destruction of a blastocyst.

adult

During normal development, the cells between toes and fingers die by ____________________, a process of programmed cell death.

apoptosis

the process in which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called

cell division

The structure labeled A in Figure 10-8 is called the _________________________.

cell plate/cell wall

The structure labeled A in Figure 10-5 is called the

centromere

A multicellular organism begins life as a single cell—a fertilized egg with a complete set of chromosomes. The picture in Figure 10-2 above shows how the cell divides to become two cells, then four cells, eight cells, and so on. Which of the following statements best describes what happens during this process?

chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set

In Figure 10-4, what role does structure A play in mitosis?

connect to spindle fibers

When cells are grown in a laboratory, which of the following is a factor that can stop normal cells from dividing?

contact with other cells

In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by

cyclins

During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later on in development, the cells; will become specialized through a process called

differentiation

All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells except

excess oxygen

In eukarotes, the spindle breaks down during prophase and re-forms during telophase.

false

Nerve cells are cells that have not yet undergone differentiation.

false

Stem cells taken from a blastocyst (embryonic stem cells) are totipotent.

false

The smaller a cell is, the more difficult it is for the cell to move enough nutrients and wastes across its cell membrane to maintain its normal

false

Typically, the longest phase of mitosis is anaphase.

false

What is the chromosome number of the cell shown in Figure 10-10?

four

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing

four chromosomes.

Which of the following explains why body cells would undergo mitotic cell division?

growth and repair

Which of the following are external regulators of the cell cycle?

growth factors

Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their

growth rate

Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle

interphase consists of G1, S phase, and G2 phases

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up along the middle of the dividing cell?

metaphase

The two main stages of cell division are called

mitosis and cytokinesis

Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble

moving need materials in and waste products out

How might the cancer cells shown in Figure 10-12 be prevented from doing more harm to the organism they are a part of?

p53 cells could come in and try to perform apoptosis on some of the cells. If they're successful, then some of the cells would die and it could stop some of the process of cancer cells spreading. Or they could get surgery or go through chemo

The first phase of mitosis is called

prophase

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

During which phases of mitosis are structures like the one shown in figure 10 visible?

prophase, metaphase, and anaphase

An advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is that sexual reproduction

provides genetic diversity

Cyclins are a family of closely related proteins that

regulate the cell cycle

Which of the following is a possible future benefit of stem cell research?

reversing damage from a heart attack

The structure labeled B in Figure 10-5 is called

sister chromatids

A cell with a defective p53 gene is likely to

stop responding to growth regulators

The cell shown in step E in Figure 10-7 above is undergoing telophase.

true

The structure shown in Figure 10-5 is a replicated chromosome.

true

Cancer cells form masses of cells called

tumors

As a cell becomes larger, its

volume increases faster than its surface area

Identify the structures labeled X and Y in Figure 10-10.

x = centriole y = spindle fibers