Chapter 10

_______________ is essential if you are to challenge the client with a confrontation. a. An empathic relationship b. An assertive personality c. A strong affirmation d. All of the above

a. An empathic relationship

Empathic confrontation is: a. a direct, harsh challenge guiding clients to face hard issues. b. a gentle skill that includes listening. c. seeking clarification by "going against" client ideas. d. the primary skill used by interviewers.

b. a gentle skill that includes listening.

A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you assume: a. an evaluative listening to detect client deception. b. a value neutrality in relation to your client. c. an active and assertive communication with your client. d. all of the above.

b. a value neutrality in relation to your client.

"On the one hand..., and on the other hand..." This is typically used in _________. a. reframing b. empathic confrontation c. psychoeducation d. interpretation

b. empathic confrontation

The reality of the story is acknowledged during __________________ of the Client Change Scale (CCS). a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 4: Generation of a new solution

c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change

A nonjudgmental attitude is expressed through which of the following? a. Body language b. Vocal qualities c. Statements that indicate neither approval nor disapproval d. All of the above

d. All of the above

According to the authors, direct confrontation may be inappropriate for: a. European-American clients. b. African-American clients. c. European-Canadian clients. d. Native American clients.

d. Native American clients.

If your client starts with you at denial or partial acceptance (Level 1 or 2) and then moves with your help to acceptance and generating new solutions (Level 3 or 4), you have clear evidence of: a. the effectiveness of your therapy process. b. the capacity of your client to achieve progress without your help. c. the strong need for leadership and direction your client has. d. the powerful impact of the environment on our clients.

a. the effectiveness of your therapy process.

As a result of effective and empathic confrontation, a counselor or interviewer can anticipate that the client will ________. a. resolve his or her issues b. move to a more productive topic c. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings d. become angry

c. come up with new ideas, thoughts, and feelings

Which of the following is NOT part of the Racial/Identity Development Model? a. Disillusionment Stage b. Resistance and Immersion Stage c. Introspection Stage d. Integrative Awareness Stage

a. Disillusionment Stage

The client may distort his or her story and blame others unfairly in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

a. Level 1: Denial

Regarding discrepancies between you and your client, which of the following is NOT true? a. Never hide differences you may have with your client. b. If you sense differences, support the client by listening. c. Note your own or the client's discomfort with possible differences. d. If you listen carefully, most discrepancies with your client will disappear.

a. Never hide differences you may have with your client.

"You really want to meet him, but you're a little bit anxious." In which step of supportive confrontation would an interviewer most likely make this statement? a. Step 1: Identify conflict b. Step 2: Point out issues of incongruity c. Step 3: Evaluating change d. This is not included in supportive confrontation

a. Step 1: Identify conflict

What are the three major steps of confrontation? a. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; and Step 3: Evaluating effectiveness b. Step 1: Building rapport; Step 2: Identifying discrepancies; and Step 3: Confronting client's thinking c. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Countering client talk; and Step 3: Closing with a directive d. Step 1: Building rapport; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; and Step 3: Evaluating client response

a. Step 1: Identifying conflict; Step 2: Pointing out conflicts and issues; and Step 3: Evaluating effectiveness

Uncontrollable conflict and discrepancy bring stress to the client resulting in ____. a. active inhibition of neurons and damaging glucocorticoids and cortisol are released b. gradual strengthening of an individual through development of protective neural structures c. an ultimate challenge to the counselor d. the need to refer the client to the emergency room for medication

a. active inhibition of neurons and damaging glucocorticoids and cortisol are released

Counseling helped Nelida: a. appreciate her culture and feel "proud" of her grandparents. b. appreciate herself and feel "proud" of her achievements. c. appreciate her mainstream culture and feel "proud" of her classmates. d. appreciate and "proudly" adopt the counselor's worldviews.

a. appreciate her culture and feel "proud" of her grandparents.

A client who is dying comments, "It won't happen—not to me." This is an example of: a. denial. b. partial acceptance of reality. c. acceptance and recognition. d. generation of a new solution.

a. denial.

Confrontation during a single session and over a series of interviews may be measured on a 5-point scale called the Client Change Scale. Which of the following represents this scale? a. Denial, Identification, Recognition, Generating Solutions, and Development b. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance But No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence c. Identification, Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Evaluation d. Identification, Partial Examination, Acceptance, Forgiveness, and Transcendence

b. Denial, Partial Examination, Acceptance But No Change, Generation of New Solution, and Transcendence

An interviewer may hear, "Yes, I hurt and perhaps I should be angry," in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

b. Level 2: Partial examination

"I've been avoiding my anger, and it is getting in my way. I'm going to start dealing with it." An interviewer may hear this statement in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 4: Generation of a new solution c. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors d. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change

b. Level 4: Generation of a new solution

"On the one hand..., and on the other hand..." In which step of empathic confrontation would an interviewer most likely make this statement? a. Step 1: Identify conflict b. Step 2: Summarize c. Step 3: Evaluate d. This is not included in supportive confrontation

b. Step 2: Summarize

. ____________ developed the Racial/Cultural Identity Development (R/CID) model. a. Ivey and Ivey b. Sue and Sue c. William Cross d. Zalaquett and Montenegro

b. Sue and Sue

Empathic confrontation is: a. a direct, harsh challenge guiding clients to face hard issues. b. a complex of skills requiring observation and listening. c. seeking clarification by "going against" client idea. d. the primary skill used by interviewers to cause clients to see their errors.

b. a complex of skills requiring observation and listening.

Incongruities and discrepancies of the interviewee to be identified include all EXCEPT which of the following? a. Between two statements b. Between statements and nonverbal behavior c. Between the influencing skill used by the interviewer and the interviewee response d. Between what one says and what one does

c. Between the influencing skill used by the interviewer and the interviewee response

Which of the following statements about the Client Change Scale (CCS) is NOT true? a. CCS measures the effectiveness of confronting clients about mixed messages. b. CCS assesses the client's position relative to how he/she copes with life changes. c. CCS measures the intensity of counselor statements during direct confrontation. d. The way a client deals with a variety of life change issues can all be considered using the CCS.

c. CCS measures the intensity of counselor statements during direct confrontation.

Careful listening is one of the most powerful influencing skills. Which one of the following statements about influencing is NOT true? a. Paraphrasing is particularly useful when decisions need to be made. b. Reflection of feeling is useful to feedback of mixed emotions. c. Direct and firm confrontation helps clients identify their errors. d. A good summary brings together many thoughts, feelings and behaviors.

c. Direct and firm confrontation helps clients identify their errors.

Which one of the following is NOT a technique to supportively challenge or confront a client? a. Observe and note discrepancies and conflict. b. Feed back internal and external discrepancies to the client. c. Match tonal quality with the client during the feedback of discrepancies. d. Evaluate the client response and whether there is client change.

c. Match tonal quality with the client during the feedback of discrepancies.

Which of the following contextual factors may lead to clients' low self-worth and self-esteem? a. Self-talk and internal dialogue b. Cognitive distortions and negative schemas c. Oppression and racism d. All of the above

c. Oppression and racism

Empathic confrontation is best described as _____________. a. direct eye contact and a clear voice b. identifying mixed messages c. a gentle, but firm, challenge d. all of the above

c. a gentle, but firm, challenge

The first step in confrontation is: a. establishing rapport. b. asking the client why he or she did it. c. identifying a contradiction or discrepancy. d. confronting the client

c. identifying a contradiction or discrepancy.

A nonjudgmental attitude requires that you: a. assert your opinions with a positive attitude. b. stop your listening skills and let client speak. c. suspend your own opinions and attitudes. d. all of the above.

c. suspend your own opinions and attitudes.

Which of the following statements regarding empathic confrontation and mediation is NOT true? a. There is a need for actual contact and communication between combatants. b. Power needs to be equal between the two individuals or groups. c. There is need to search for common goals and areas of agreement. d. A win-win resolution is most achievable when two individuals or groups meet to address issues.

d. A win-win resolution is most achievable when two individuals or groups meet to address issues

After four interviews, Dominic comments, "Wow, it's really working. Things are great at home. Sara and I are doing well. Working together works!" Dominic is in what level of the CCS scale? a. Denial b. Partial examination c. Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behaviors— transcendence

d. Development of new, larger, and more inclusive constructs, patterns, or behaviors— transcendence

An interviewer may hear, "You helped me see my mixed feelings; I need to express my feelings more," in which level of the Client Change Scale (CCS)? a. Level 1: Denial b. Level 2: Partial examination c. Level 3: Acceptance and recognition, but no change d. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

d. Level 5: Development of new constructs, patterns, or behaviors

Which word is NOT interchangeable with all the others? a. Discrepancy b. Incongruity c. Conflict d. Observation

d. Observation

. "Mobility" is to "immobility" as cultural intentionality is to ____. a. stuckness b. impasse c. blocked d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Achieving a major more lasting transformation in client thinking and behavior may require: a. several interviews. b. time to internalize new solutions. c. moving from denial or partial acceptance. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Discrepancies between the client and the external world include: a. conflict between the client and another person. b. conflict between the client and a challenging situation. c. conflict between the client and a nurse at a hospital. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

Discrepancies internal to the client include: a. mixed messages observed in nonverbal client behavior. b. incongruities between two verbal statements. c. differences between what the client says and what the client does. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

The CCS can be used be used to: a. determine the creative effect of your confrontation. b. assess success of your interventions. c. determine client progress over a series of sessions. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

The most common empathic confrontation uses: a. paraphrasing. b. reflection of feelings. c. summarizations. d. all of the above.

d. all of the above.

According to the authors, an important goal of interviewing is to move clients from a. ideas to feelings. b. problem focus to person focus. c. closed questions to open questions. d. stuckness to intentionality.

d. stuckness to intentionality.

Which of the following is TRUE? a. Confrontations exist in the form of both listening and influencing skills. b. Confrontation only exists as listening skills. c. Confrontation only exists as influencing skills. d. None of the above.

a. Confrontations exist in the form of both listening and influencing skills.