Chapter 10

when it comes to understanding mental disorders and medical problems, most researchers believe:

both are often understood when sociocultural psychological and biological factors are all taken into consideration

which disorder was previously known as hypochondraisis

illness anxiety disorder

an individual develops somatic symptom disorder after a near-fatal car crash. the diagnosis is:

less likely to be somatization pattern than predominant pain pattern

Cal tends to fall asleep at the drop of a hat-while watching TV, eating, and even driving. He would most likely be diagnosed with:

narcolepsy

cells that seek out and destroy body cells that have already been infected by viruses

natural T cells

you are a therapist using self-instruction training. Your client repeatedly tells you, "I can't take the pain it is just too much" this is an example of a:

negative self-statement

excessive activity of the NT __________ apparently contributes to slowdowns of the immune system

norepinephrine

kana has an erratic sleep cycle each month, regardless of which actions he takes. A typical cycle follows: week 1: falls asleep around 6 pm wakes around 2 am. week 2: goes to sleep around 10 pm wakes around 6 am. week 3: can't fall asleep until 2 Amanda wakes around 10 am. week 4:unable to fall asleep till 6 am and wakes at 3 pm. the appropriate diagnosis is:

circadian rhythm disorder

illness anxiety disorder most often starts in

early adulthood

Freud believed that "hysterical" symptoms:

enabled people to avoid unpleasant activities

this cognitive-behavioral therapy often leads to improvement in individuals with illness anxiety disorder

exposure and response prevention

the best example of malingering is a person who:

feigns an illness to achieve external gain such as financial compensation

the relationship between gender and somatic symptoms disorder is generally that:

more women than men are diagnosed with both somatization pattern and predominant pain pattern forms of somatic symptom disorder

conversion disorder is diagnosed at least ____________ as often in women as in men

twice

parasites are an example of:

antigens

in a conversion symptom called __________ anesthesia, numbness begins sharply at the wrist and extends evenly in the fingertips

glove

a researcher conducts studies to better understand how exposure to stress affects the immune system. This researcher is participating in the field of:

psychoneuroimmunology

psuchological factors affecting other medical conditions

psychophysiological or psychosomatic disorders

consistently angry, cynical, driven, impatient, competitive and ambitious

type A personality style

this personality pattern is characterized by aggression, cynicism, drivenness, impatience, competitiveness and ambition

type A personality style

having a background in medicine but also a grudge against the profession puts a person at risk for

a factitious disorder

which statement best describes someone with illness anxiety disorder

a person misinterprets normal bodily functions and changes as signs of a serious health condition

these are white blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and blood system helping the body identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells

lymphocytes

intentionally feigning illness to achieve some external gain, such as financial compensation or deferment from military service

malingering

when their bodily symptoms keep their internal conflict out of awareness

primary gain

this type of theorist believes that conversion and somatic symptoms disorders are caused by unconscious conflicts carried forth from childhood, which arouse anxiety and that the affected individuals convert this anxiety into more tolerable physical symptoms

psychodynamic

psychological interventions are most successful when combined with other _______________ approaches and ________________

psychological; medical treatment

the ______________ is the body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells

immune system

conversion disorder most often begins between:

late childhood and young adulthood

Rowend has been terrified of testifying in court. One morning shortly before, she awoke blind. In this example, Rowena is achieving:

secondary gain

Will recently recovered from having ulcers. He had care from family and friends and as a result recovered faster than expected. This may be due to:

social support

become excessively distressed, concerned and anxious about bodily symptoms they are experiencing and their lives are greatly disrupted by those symptoms

somatic symptom disorder

if a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over time in the absence of physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be

somatic symptom disorder

symptoms of _________ disorder last longer but are less dramatic than ____________ disorder

somatic symptom disorder, conversion

which is not a psychological cause of essential hypertension

obesity

the disorder with a wide range of vague, long-lasting and disturbing physical symptoms without a medical cause is:

somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern)

relaxed, less aggressive and less concerned about time and are less likely to develop cardiovascular deterioration

type B personality style

individuals with illness anxiety disorder often experience improvement with the use of:

antidepressants

self-instruction training is an example of a ______________ approach to the psychological treatment of physical ailments

cognitive-behavioral

this type of theorist proposes that conversion and somatic symptom disorders are forms of communication, providing a means for people to express emotions that would otherwise be difficult to convey

cognitive-behavioral

people with somatic symptom disorders use their symptoms to express emotions they can't easily express otherwise. This statement reflects the:

cognitive-behavioral view

people with somatic symptom disorders use their symptoms to express emotions they cannot easily express otherwise. This statement reflects the:

cognitive-behavioral view

a 35 year old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right harm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. The patient appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms might be psychological. The appropriate diagnosis is:

conversion disorder

overabundance of _______ can lead to chronic inflammation throughout the body, contributing to heart disease, stroke and other illnesses

cytokines

a woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. If this is true, the appropriate diagnosis is:

factitious disorder

when the doctor decides the patient is manifesting

factitious disorder (munchausen syndrome)

in this therapy, individuals are guided into a sheeplike, suggestible state during which they remember seemingly forgotten events, feel unusual sensations, and act in unusual ways

hypnosis

in this disorder, people mistakenly fear that minor changes in their physical functioning indicates a serious disease

illness anxiety disorder

Bartrop and colleagues compared the immune systems of 26 people whose spouses had died 8 weeks earlier with those of 26 matched control-group participants whose spouses had not died. The blood samples revealed that _________ was much lower in the bereaved people than the control

lymphocyte functioning

when their bodily symptoms further enable them to avoid unpleasant activities or to receive sympathy from others

secondary gain

the _______________ assigns numerical values to the stress that most people experience at some time in their lives

social readjustment ratings scale

individual experiences a large and varied number of bodily symptoms

somatization pattern

which individual would be most likely to receive a diagnosis of factitious disorder

someone who purposefully drinks gasoline and then seeks treatment for an unknown stomach ailment

the main criticism of eh cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that:

they can't explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder

______________ produces antibodies

B cells

displays symptoms that are physical and affect voluntary, motor, or sensory functioning, but symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases

conversion disorder

munchausen syndrome is also known as _________ disorder

factitious

which of the following techniques are used most widely to treat high blood pressure

relaxation training and medication

which is not common in a munchausen mother?

when confronted with the clear evidence that she is causing illness to her child, she will "come clean" and admit it and will voluntarily undergo therapy

between ________% of all people experience illness anxiety disorder

1 and 5

factitious disorder is common in people who...

1. received extensive treatment of a medical problem as a child 2.carry a grudge against the medical profession 3. have worked as a nurse, lab tech or medical aide

In the US ______% of population suffer from chronic insomnia that lasts for months or years

10

a contribution factor that partly explains why African Americans have more health problems than non hispanic white Americans is that:

African Americans are more likely to live in poverty and face discrimination, which contributes to stress

cells that produce antibodies

B cells

cells that identify antigens and multiply and trigger production of other kinds of immune cells

Helper T cells

Isaac had finally had enough of his inability to walk. He went to therapy and addressed a traumatic car crash from his past over time he began to walk again. According to his psychodynamic therapist, why did these positive changes occur?

Isaac became conscious of and resolved his underlying fears, thereby eliminating the need to convert anxiety into physical symptoms

defects in the ____________ system are thought to contribute to the development of psychophysiological disorders

autonomic nervous

combines psychological and physical approaches to treat and prevent medical problems

behavioral medicine

a therapist who uses electrical signals from a persons body to train the person to control psychological processes is using a technique known as

biofeedback

electrical signals from the body are used to train people to control physiological processes

biofeedback

"its obvious that the patient observed friends who had symptoms of illness, then imitated those symptoms to get attention" says the therapist. This therapist most likely has which theoretical perspective

cognitive-behavioral

increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think my health is being threatened, and more and more often I misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains my experiences

cognitive-behavioral

Scarlett finds she needs more than the 8 hours of sleep recommended for adults. If she gets less than 10 hours she has difficulty concentrating, is forgetful, has problem driving and can't work effectively. She would most likely be diagnosed with:

hyper somnolence disorder

Beyond its use in the control of pain, _____ has been used successfully to help treat such problems as skin diseases, asthma, insomnia, high blood pressure, warts, and other forms of infection.

hypnosis

previously known as hypochondriasis and are chronically anxious about their health and are convinced they have or are developing a serious medical illness despite the absence of somatic symptoms

illness anxiety disorder

difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep is called:

insomnia

individuals in __________- countries seem to display the greatest number of somatic reactions

latin america

compared with a migraine, the pain associated with a muscle contraction headache is typically:

less severe

John was intentionally faking symptoms of mental illness in order to collect disability. This is known as:

malingering

Western health care professionals have only recently become aware of the effectiveness of _______________ in relieving physical distress

meditation

which is true about a person who develops factitious disorder?

more common in females but males have more severe cases

the person's primary bodily problem is the experience of pain

predominant pain pattern

a woman who is unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband. Keeping anger out of awareness. According to psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving __________________ from her illness

primary gain

area of study that ties stress and illness to the body's immune system

psychoneuroimmunology

a patient with a heart condition complains of adhesions from his postoperative scar, leg cramps and joint stiffness. He seems to be hurting all over, but no medical reason can be found. The best diagnosis is:

somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern)

which statement would a cognitive-behavioral theorist be most likely to make about hysterical disorders?

the patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions