Chapter 10 - Plant Reproduction and Responses

Peas and beans are considered legumes. Why?

A legume is a fruit that splits along two sides when mature.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about flowering plants? A) A sperm nucleus combines with one polar nucleus to form the endosperm. B) A sperm nucleus combines with the egg nucleus to eventually form the embryo. C) A pollen grain may be carried to the stigma of the ovary by the wind. D) A pollen tube grows down the style. E) They exhibit double fertilization.

A) A sperm nucleus combines with one polar nucleus to form the endosperm.

Which of the following is NOT true concerning plant tissue culture? A) New plants can be cultivated from any existing plant cell. B) Most plant cells are totipotent, meaning an entire plant can be produced from one cell. C) Hormones can be used to cause the production of shoots from tissue. D) Plants can be produced from shoot tips, leaves, and anthers. E) Foreign genes such as those from other plants or even animals can be inserted into plant cells.

A) New plants can be cultivated from any existing plant cell.

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the germination of the eudicot seed? A) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots. B) The cotyledon was absorbed by the endosperm and supplies the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots. C) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The radicle becomes part of the stem and the hypocotyl develops into the roots. D) The pericarp has absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The hypocotyl becomes part of the stem and the radicle develops into the roots. E) The two cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The plumule and the radicle push through the coleorhiza during germination.

A) The TWO cotyledons have absorbed the endosperm and supply the nutrients to the embryo. As the embryo emerges from the soil it consumes the nutrients and develops the shoot. The HYPOCOTYL becomes part of the stem and the RADICLE develops into the roots.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the carpel of a flower? A) anthers B) stigma C) style D) ovary E) ovule

A) anthers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of genetically engineered plants? A) decreased yield B) herbicide resistance C) salt tolerance D) drought tolerance E) disease protection

A) decreased yield

Which of the following is not part of the female portion of the flower? A) filament B) carpel C) pistil D) stigma E) style

A) filament

Which of the following would be considered a dry fruit? A) one that doesn't split open B) one derived from a simple ovary C) one derived from the receptacle and not the ovary D) one derived from several individual ovaries E) one derived from many different carpels

A) one that doesn't split open

Which of the following is NOT a part of a flower? A) stem B) sepals C) petals D) stamen E) carpel

A) stem

Which action would cause a long-day plant to flower? A) Interrupt the day with a period of darkness. B) Interrupt a long night with a flash of light. C) Give the plant some phytochrome. D) Allow an insect to pollinate the plant. E) Keep the plant in the dark.

B) Interrupt a long night with a flash of light.

Which of the following plant hormones could be used by industry to increase the size of sugarcane production? A) indoleacetic acid B) gibberellins C) zeatin D) abscisic acid E) ethylene

B) gibberellins

Which of the following statements is NOT true about flowering plants? A) Sporophyte generation produces spores. B) Gametophyte generation produces gametes. C) Ovules contain the microspore mother cell. D) Microspores undergo mitosis to produce pollen grains. E) Megaspores undergo mitosis to produce an embryo sac.

C) Ovules contain the microspore mother cell.

Which structure of the eudicot embryo within a seed is NOT correctly identified? A) The radicle is the embryonic root. B) A cotyledon is a seed leaf. C) The endosperm is the nutrient source for the embryo. D) The epicotyl is the shoot above the attachment of the cotyledons. E) The hypocotyl is the embryo plant below the attachment of the cotyledons.

C) The endosperm is the nutrient source for the embryo.

Which statement is NOT true about the life cycle of flowering plants? A) The sporophyte is diploid. B) The sporophyte produces two different types of spores. C) The female gametophyte is the seed. D) The male gametophyte is the pollen grain. E) The female gametophyte is retained within the body of the sporophyte parent generation.

C) The female gametophyte is the seed.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a somatic embryo? A) These are asexually produced. B) These are produced in large tanks called bioreactors. C) These are genetically quite diverse. D) These are encapsulated in a protective gel for shipping. E) These will generate an entire mature plant.

C) These are genetically quite diverse.

Which of the following plant hormones prevents senescence and can initiate leaf growth? A) indoleacetic acid B) gibberellin C) cytokinin D) abscisic acid E) ethylene

C) cytokinin

Which of the following IS arranged in proper order? A) fertilization → pollination → seed formation → germination B) seed formation → fertilization → germination → pollination C) pollination → fertilization → seed formation → germination D) germination → seed formation → fertilization → pollination E) pollination → fertilization → germination → seed formation

C) pollination → fertilization → seed formation → germination

Which of these associations is NOT correct? A) plumule—leaves B) radicle—roots C) seed coat—ovary wall D) cotyledons—stored food E) hypocotyl—stem

C) seed coat—ovary wall

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tissue culture? A) Plant tissue can be used to produce medicines such as digitoxin and other products for the treatment of human disease. B) Tissue culture allows the production of healthier plant varieties. C) New plant varieties can be formed by using somatic embryos. D) The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world. E) Engineered plants are resistant to herbicides and disease.

D) The use of transgenic plants has led to a serious decline in crop production throughout the world.

Which of the following parts of a plant embryo grows downward? A) plumule B) epicotyl C) seed coat D) radicle E) shoot

D) radicle

When an ice cap moves south or arid conditions push across a continent, a plant species can "migrate" although not as fast as individual animals usually travel. Which of the following generally allows a plant population to migrate the fastest? A) pollination B) fertilization C) germination D) seed dispersal E) asexual or vegetative propagation

D) seed dispersal

Which of the following is NOT a part of a developing eudicot embryo? A) epicotyl B) hypocotyl C) cotyledon D) radicle E) coleoptile

E) coleoptile

Which of the following methods of reproduction is NOT asexual? A) runners and stolons B) rhizomes C) cuttings D) grafting and suckers E) flowering

E) flowering

Which of the following is NOT a fruit? A) corn kernel B) peas and beans C) tomato D) cucumber E) onion

E) onion

Which substance will help in seed germination and indicates to the plant that the stem must elongate to reach the light? A) cytokinins B) ethylene C) auxin D) agent orange E) phytochrome

E) phytochrome

What would be the outcome of applying ethylene to a bushel of oranges?

Ethylene stimulates cellulase which will hydrolyze the CELLULOSE in plant cell walls. This will cause the fruit to ripen.

A corn kernel is classified as a seed. True or False?

False

Cereal grains are one of the easiest plants to genetically modify. True or False?

False

In order to produce a new plant via meristem culture, you need to remove the meristem from one plant and place it in a water containing various minerals. The meristem will then develop new shoots and roots. True or False?

False

One of the new technologies developed from tissue culture and genetic engineering is plant hybridization. True or False?

False

Plant hormones bring about a physiological response in the plant after binding to the nucleus of the plant cells. True or False?

False

What flower mechanism would NOT help prevent pollination by a foreign plant species?

Flowers of different plant species bloom at the same time with flowers of similar shape, size, and color.

Plants could readily develop seasonal responses based on temperature changes but have evolved their rhythms based on a comparison of daylight and darkness. Why has the day-night ratio system been selected?

Temperatures fluctuate widely across seasons and from year to year, but photoperiod comparisons are a more reliable indicator of season.

You find a plant that appears to contain stamens and carpels but no petals or sepals. What could you conclude about this "flower"?

The plant is pollinated by the wind.

A flower that is missing the stamens would be considered female. True or False?

True

A pea is actually a seed. True or False?

True

Alternation of generations means that a diploid sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis and a haploid gametophyte produces gametes by mitosis. True or False?

True

Commercial micropropagation methods result in cloning of plants. True or False?

True

Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from an anther of one plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant of the same species. True or False?

True

In asexual reproduction in plants, there is only one parent, instead of two. True or False?

True

Plant hormones are small organic molecules produced by the plants themselves. True or False?

True

The two-stage life cycle in plants evolved as an adaptation to life on land. True or False?

True

When you eat an apple, the core left over is the ovary. True or False?

True

A friend complains that all of her houseplants have bent stems. You examine the plants and find that their stems all curve toward the light. What would you recommend to your friend to correct the problem?

Turn each plant occasionally.

Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces

a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

Which plant hormone will act as an inhibitor of growth and maintains dormancy?

abscisic acid

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is a dioecious plant. This means that the flowers of hemp

are incomplete.

From the discussion of long-day and short-day plants, it is obvious that "day-neutral" plants

are not dependent on the length of the night or day for flowering.

Positive phototropism and positive gravitropism occur from the action(s) of

auxin in both cases.

How are potato plants propagated?

by "eyes" (a bud)

You are examining a seed with tiny white plumes attached to it. How is this type of seed most likely dispersed?

by the wind

The protective sheath that first surrounds the shoot is called the

coleoptile.

Compound fruits

develop from several individual ovaries.

Which plant hormone is used by industry to cause fruits to drop from a tree?

ethylene

When you pick a bouquet of anther-less flowers, you have picked

female gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes.

Strawberry plants do not produce seeds that are used for next year's crop. How are strawberry plants propagated?

from the nodes of stolons

Fertilization in flowering plants occurs

in the ovule.

Clover is an example of a what type of flowering plant?

long-day

What pathway produces the gametophytes during the alternation of generations in plants?

mitosis

A seed does NOT contain the

ovary.

What accounts for the attractiveness of many flowers that helps enhance their reproductive opportunities?

petals

The response of plants to the relative length of light and darkness is termed

photoperiodism.

Which modern technology is NOT used in the creation of transgenic plants?

plant hybridization

The megaspore divides mitotically, resulting in a female gametophyte or embryo sac that differentiates into an egg and a central cell with two nuclei called the

polar nuclei.

The male gametophyte in flowering plants will be found within the

pollen grain.

If digestive enzymes are used to remove the plant cell wall, the naked plant cell that remains is called a

protoplast.

The function of endosperm is to

provide nutrients to the embryo.

A hormone called cytokinin was discovered in coconut milk and found to stimulate cell division. With this function, where else in a plant would you expect to find cytokinin?

root tips

The pollen grain contains the

sperm.

Asexual reproduction in plants does NOT involve

the production of gametes.

Stored food in a cotyledon was derived from

triploid endosperm.

After a seed has been produced, it often has a time during which no growth occurs called

dormancy.

How many nuclei are present inside a pollen grain?

three