Chapter 10 review

The rates of deaths in America are currently _______ from four cancers that cause _______ of all U.S. cancer deaths.

falling; about half Death rates are currently falling in America from lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer, which together cause about half of all U.S. cancer deaths

Suppose you want to change several of your behaviors to reduce your risk of getting cancer. Because it can be harder to change multiple behaviors all at once, you plan to work on establishing new habits one at a time. To reflect their relative risks, in which order should you address changing these?

smoking, diet, drinking

Cookie wants to eat in a way that maximizes protection against cancer and minimizes risk for cancer. Which of the following would be most likely to do this?

a diet high in plant-based foods

Andre earns a high yearly salary; Shabazz earns a low hourly wage. Statistically, Andre is less likely to smoke and has a lower risk of dying from lung cancer; Shabazz is more likely to smoke and has a higher risk. This illustrates research findings of:

a dose-response relationship, correlation, and evidence of a causal relationship

Which of the following factors is the leading risk factor for cancer development and mortality?

advancing age

The distress that cancer patients feel related to their treatment(s) can be attributed most to which of these?

All of these: to their beliefs about the characteristics of their disease itself; to the side-effects of surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy; to their expectations of negative side-effects from treatments (extra info) Cancer patients commonly experience distress during treatment from side-effects, their expectations of these, and their beliefs about the nature of the disease.

Which of the following statements is correct about cancer, neoplasms, and tumors?

All true cancer cells are neoplastic.

Haeja is Korean American; hence, she has a higher risk of dying from stomach cancer. What may contribute to this risk?

Asian Americans have this risk because they often eat different diets and have chronic Helicobacter pylori infection.

Which of the following correctly pairs each type of cancer with the type of cells it affects?

Carcinomas => epithelial tissue; leukemias => blood/blood-forming cells; lymphomas => immune system; sarcomas => connective tissue

Which of the following cancers has been decreasing in recent years for BOTH women and men?

Colorectal

CeCe's parents both had cancer. What can you most accurately infer about CeCe from this?

Family history raises her risk, but behavioral factors can mitigate the risk

The majority of cancer deaths in America are currently attributed to which class of factors?

Lifestyle Factors

Which of the following cancers has been increasing in recent years?

Liver cancer

Tanya uses a tanning bed regularly, spends 10-15 minutes outdoors in the sun several times a week, smokes and drinks heavily, and eats a lot of junk food. Which statement is most accurate about the relative impact of potential behavioral changes on her cancer risk?

Quitting smoking and drinking both lower her risk more than the sum of quitting each

Sheila was recently diagnosed with cancer, and her treatment incorporates a psychological intervention. According to research findings, what are some more likely outcomes of the psychological intervention?

She may or may not live longer, but will likely feel better physically and emotionally (extra info) Studies show more evidence that psychological interventions can improve quality of life for cancer patients physically and emotionally, but less that they can prolong their life spans.

Which of the following is true about emotional factors that help or harm cancer patients, according to research findings?

Suitable social support helps guide patients for optimal emotional expression

What is the most dangerous characteristic of malignant tumor cells?

Their autonomy i.e. ability to grow without normal cellular control, is most dangerous by enabling tumors to become parasites overwhelming their hosts.

African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans are found to differ in cancer outcomes from European Americans in what way?

They develop many cancers at lower rates, but often have diagnosis later.

If someone you know who is married and has many friends gets cancer, what might you expect based on what studies show about the relationship between support and survival?

Varied sources offer support, and your married friend has better odds for survival

Among environmental risk factors, exposure to radiation raises cancer risks for which of the following?

Workers in nuclear power plants, but not people in communities having nuclear power plants Radon exposure raises cancer risks for both miners and residents.