Chapter 10 Young Adulthood

Vincent is of European descent, and a while back he noticed his first gray hair. At first he was not bothered. However, now his gray hairs are getting more numerous and his hairline has begun to recede. Based on the information provided, what is Vincent's estimated age?

30s

Adam is an engineer with a thriving business. Many consider him the best, an expert in the field. Leaving high school at age 18, he enrolled at Princeton University and earned his bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering at age 22. Upon graduation, he started his own engineering firm and has been working steadily ever since. Knowing how long it takes to develop an expertise in any given field, what is the minimum age Adam can be?

32 years old

Your friends are planning on marrying. Both of them dropped out of high school before completing their required courses. What is the likelihood that they will get divorced during the first five years of marriage?

33%

bruse and brenda are young adults who just got married. Based on the statistics, if they divorce, they are most likely to do so _____.

5 - 10 years after marriage

India has practiced arranged marriages for roughly ______ years.

6,000

From anthropological studies, roughly what percentage of cultures have some kind of explicit economic transaction as a customary part of marriage?

75%

According to the text, what percentage of single parents are single mothers?

90%

In both Asian and ____ cultures, a common theme of conceptions of intelligence is that it includes social elements, as well as cognitive elements such as knowledge

African

Based on a longitudinal study, the national study of adolescent health, rates of obesity in young adulthood were highest among ____.

African American women

Who developed the triangular theory of love?

Robert Sternberg

______ asserted that people in non-Western cultures may have quite different ideas about what constitutes intelligence than people in Western cultures.

Robert Sternberg

Several longitudinal studies that examined children with high IQ scores have concluded that IQ is strongly correlated to ______.

adult success

For many cultures, marriage has more often been seen as a(n) ______.

alliance between two families

vital capacity is the maximum ____.

amount of air that can be contained in the lungs

IQ in childhood ____.

is a powerful predictor of income and occupational status in adulthood

As described in the text, the gender roles for men and women in many developed countries are ______.

less sharply defined

In Sternberg's model, what type of love characterizes most friendships and involves intimacy without passion or commitment?

liking

Beyond reducing body fat, exercise has also been shown to ____.

lower the death rate of those who maintain regular exercise in adulthood

people from traditional cultures consider ____ as the key transition to adulthood.

marriage

Due to the natural aging process, during adulthood the heart muscle starts to become ______, but this is not noticeable except during times of ______.

more rigid; intense physical activity

According to Donald Super, it is during the stage of ______ that occupational choices become more focused.

specification

For those in the United States, the divorce risk peaks in young adulthood, 5 to 10 years after marriage. This statistic suggests the ______.

strains of caring for young children may make maintaining marital intimacy more problematic

According to the text, young Argentines view ______ as the most important criterion that signals adulthood.

supporting a family financially

one difference between gay male couples and heterosexual couples is that gay male couples ____.

tend to have a higher frequency of sexual activity

______ are aspects of cognitive development that occur during young adulthood.

the acquistion of expertise and creativity.

which of the following is TRUE regarding physical changes during young adulthood?

the heart muscle starts to become more rigid

which of the following is TRUE about expertise?

the maturity of the frontal cortex reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise

BMI is a direct measure of:

the ratio of weight to height

Which of the following is most accurate about Terman's research?

the termites were less likely to have personal problems such as alcoholism, divorce and mental disorders.

which of the following changes occurs in the immune system during young adulthood?

there is a decline in the production of both B and T cells

skin becomes looser and muscle mass decreases during young adulthood and beyond because ____.

there is a decrease in growth hormones

Longitudinal research on Terman's "Termites" as shown

they had a great deal of educational and occupational success

In Zimbabwe the word for intelligence, ngware, literally means ______.

to be prudent and cautious, especially in social relations

which of the following is the primary reason why many cultures encourage young wedded adults to have sex frequently?

to produce children

which of the following, when combined with expertise, is most likely to contribute to creativity?

tolerance for ambiguity

marriage appears to be a very important marker of transition to adulthood in ____.

traditional cultures

Which the following best describes a dowry?

transfer of money or property from the bride's family to the groom and his family upon marriage

Erik Erikson's notion of intimacy is best described as

uniting your newly formed identity with another person in an enduring, committed intimate relationship

Erik Erikson's notion of intimacy is best described at ____.

uniting your newly formed identity with another person in an enduring, committed, emotionally close relationship

Which of the following markers of adulthood is the most consistent with the beliefs and values of individuals who live in collectivist cultures?

being able to support one's parents financially

According to the text, ______ synaptic pruning slows down from what was a very high rate

by the late 20s

Research examining the importance of various traits in mate selection throughout the world found that the largest cross-cultural division was on the issue of ____.

chastity

emerging adults in ____ view being able to support their parents financially as a necessary criterion for adulthood.

china

Sternberg's triangular theory of love includes three components: intimacy, passion, and ____.

commitment

Your friend's parents have been married for 25 years and have a relationship based on mutual understanding and support. You can tell that they care for each other, but the "romance" seems to be gone. According to Sternberg, what type of love do you think they are experiencing at this time?

companionate love

In Israeli culture, which of the following is viewed as an important marker of adulthood?

completing military service

Your brother just got married. According to the text, what is one of the most important things he can do to ensure that he stays married?

contribute to family duties

Isaac Newton, George Washington Carver, and Thomas Edison were all great inventors. It is clear that these individuals were highly ______.

creative

A person who is high in ______ is able to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways.

creativity

Geraldo has an antique restoration business and has a great ability to envision a piece of junk as a restored final masterpiece. Throughout his life he has always tinkered with innovative ideas and has always invented new products. It is clear that Geraldo possesses high ______.

creativity

a person who is high in ____ is able to put ideas or materials together in new, culturally meaningful ways.

creativity

Which of the following is the correct sequencing of stages for Donald Super's theory of occupational development?

crystallization, specification, implementation, stabilization, and consolidation

Your 30-year-old roommate has a very pale complexion and likes to have a tan for the summer. What would be the best advice that you could give her regarding her skin?

exposing her skin to direct sunlight will prematurely age her skin

Which of the following is a common use for an IQ test?

identifying children who might have learning disabilities

which of the following statements about becoming a parent is TRUE?

in all world regions, people in urban areas have fewer children than people in rural areas.

You and your classmate are discussing what you believe to be the most important aspects of adulthood. Your classmate is arguing that emotional self-control is the most important criterion for adulthood. He is likely from which of the following countries?

india

The top three criteria that mark the transition to adulthood across cultures and nations are characterized by ____.

individualism

The relationship between intelligence tests and academic success is best summarized by which of the following statements?

intelligence tests administered during childhood and adolescence are moderately correlated with school success

Johanna is in her early 30's and just entered a romantic relationship. According to Erik Erikson, what is the central emotional and psychosocial issue that she might be facing?

intimacy vs. isolation

A semi-arranged marriage can be best described as one in which parents ______.

introduce a potential mate to their child. If the young person has a favorable impression of the potential mate, they date a few times. If the couple agrees that they are compatible, they marry.

According to Piaget, the culmination of cognitive maturation is the attainment of formal operations that occurs around age ______.

15 - 20

The BMI markers used by health authorities are ____ for overweight and ____ for obesity.

23; 30

According to the text, at age ______ vital capacity begins to decrease

25

For women, masturbation peaks during their ______.

30s

Surveys across Western countries have found that ______ of adults identify as gay or lesbian

1 - 10%

Louis Terman, one of the original developers of the Stanford Binet test, conducted a study in the 1920s with 1,500 children who had IQ scores of ______ or higher.

140

which of the following individuals is likely to spend the least amount of time exercising?

Benita who is LOW SES and FEMALE

Xavier is a 23 y/o and has recently graduated with his bachelor's degree in psychology. He is seeking employment and would like to find a job that leads to a promising career. Less than ideal, he applied for a position as an academic advisor at a CC, was offered a job, and accepted the position. Which stage of Donald Super's theory of occupational development is Xavier in?

Implementation

Which of the following sets of people is more likely to be similar in weight?

Monozygotic twins reared in different environments

Based on a meta-analysis, young people from their early teens to their late 20s indicated the most important marker of the transition to adulthood is ______.

accepting responsibility for oneself

For many individuals who live in developed nations, ______ is the most important marker of the transition into adulthood.

accepting responsibity for oneself

Which of the following is a major contributor to the increasing obesity rates in developing countries?

adoption of western foods

Between the ages of 25 and 50 an individual's basal metabolic rate ____.

decreased

most people who attempt to lost weight ____.

end up gaining what they lost and generally gaining more weight

David has just finished the Boston Marathon and is feeling great. His blood pressure is high, his respirations are high, and he is extremely sweaty, but he feels elated. He is experiencing a "runner's high." Which of the following is primarily responsible for this pleasurable feeling?

endorphins

Your cousin is in his early 30s and owns his own Internet marketing company. Before starting the company, he ran another Internet startup for 8 years and then sold it. During childhood he brainstormed countless ways he could become a successful entrepreneur. It was not until he saw huge advancements in personal computers that he knew exactly what he was going to do. In preparation, he enrolled at the community college to learn as much about computer programming and marketing as he could. In managing his company he does very well, particularly with his employees. It is clear that he has a keen ability to read and respond to various situations, and he responds to the social cues of others well. Whenever any problems arise within the company, he draws from his wide range of knowledge and experience in order to devise an effective solution. Which of the following best describes your cousin's wide range of knowledge in his field?

expertise

According to scholars, it is not until an individual's ______ that he or she is capable of producing creative work.

expertise has been established

In the triangular theory of love, which of the following best describes intimacy?

feeling of closeness and emotional attachment

Among Chinese adults, intelligence includes features such as humility, self-knowledge, and ______.

freedom from conventional standards of judgement

Maturity of ____ reflects cognitive changes that underlie expertise.

frontal cortex

Young people from their early teens to their late 20s agreed that the most important markers of the transition to adulthood are accepting responsibility for oneself, making independent decisions, and ______.

getting married

Erikson thought that intimacy was not possible until individuals ____.

had a fairly stable sense of identity

Louis Terman's subjects, who had exceptionally high IQ scores, ______.

had dozens of patents, hundreds of books written, and many other achievements

Cross-cultural research on intelligence ____.

has shown that skills that allow individuals to adapts to their environment are considered a type of intelligence

Your brother, age 27, decided to get in shape and start running. After the first run of 3 miles, he is winded and tired. He is surprised because he was a cross-country runner in high school and is not completely out of shape now. He still plays basketball every so often and will run to his car when it is raining. According to his physician, he is 10 pounds overweight and his cholesterol is a little higher than average. His doctor is not concerned, because the problems that he does have can be addressed by changing his diet and increasing exercise. What would you tell him about feeling winded and tired after a 3-mile run?

he is experiencing a normal decline in vital capacity

Your friend Matt has a new boyfriend. All he can do is talk about his new partner and when he will see him next. Matt is totally devoted to him and is willing to do whatever his partner wishes to do without even considering his own wants and desires. What is wrong with the way your friend is acting?

he is losing himself in devotion to his partner, which is not healthy intimacy

As an extra credit assignment, your professor asks the class to watch a video that addresses love and relationships in various cultures. One of the videos has a clip on arranged marriages. The young bride who is interviewed describes a strong desire for marriage, but also states that she has never met her soon-to-be husband. It is clear that she is not in love with him, but she is committed to her cultural practice of arranged marriages. She knows that with time, the relationship can grow and they can develop a strong partnership. In Robert Sternberg's model, which of the following best describes this bride's perspective?

high in commitment, low in passion& intimacy

which statement about research on creativity is TRUE?

highly creative people are often creative throughout life.

Psychologist David Buss's international research questionnaire found that the element of ______ ranks first among marriage criteria across countries and across genders.

mutual attraction-love

Amity is an adult with a BMI or 27. Wccording to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, she would be classified as ____.

overweight

What type of love involves physical attraction and sexual desire?

passion

______ is the aspect of love that fades fairly quickly in most relationships as partners become used to each other and the stresses and conflicts of daily life accumulate.

passion

Which of the following statements about marriage is TRUE?

people who remain single after age 30 are more likely than their married counterparts to have mental health and physical health problems.

Experts tend to be ______ than novices.

quicker and more efficient at solving problems

______ is a personal characteristic that is highly prized in individualistic cultures.

self-sufficiency

According to abundant research, the four factors that predict marital satisfaction are realistic expectations, shared interests, shared roles and responsibilities, and ______.

shared power

______ is a negative stereotype of single individuals that leads to them being discriminated against and treated dismissively.

singilism

According to anthropological research, how many young people in developed countries believe that marriage is an important marker of the transition into adulthood?

very few

If Elle is typical of most American young adults, you would expect that she would spend her leisure time in the evening mostly on ___.

watching TV

Linda is an average young adult American female. As cited in the text, which of the following is the most frequent activity that she is likely to engage in on weekday nights, between dinner and bedtime?

watching TV