chapter 10.2

reasons for success after Muhammad

- military expansion to the north - weakness of surrounding civilization - fair treatment of conquered people

Al-Andalus

a Muslim-ruled religion in what is now Spain

Umayyads

a dynasty that ruled the Muslim empire a group from Syria that took power from the rightly guided caliphs surrounded themselves with wealth division in the Muslim faith

fatimid

a member of a Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima. built its empire in north africa, arabia, and syria

Caliph

a supreme political and religous leader in the Muslium religion "successor"

what attracted non-muslims to Islam and Islamic culture

by the appeal of the message of Islam, which offered equality and hope in this world. Also the economic benefit for muslims not having to pay a poll tax in exchange for exemption from the military.

righlt guided capliphs

four caliphs after Muhammad's death that used the qUR'AN and muhammad's teaching to rule

Abu Bakr

involved Jihad against false prophets

do you think Muhammad should have appointed a successor? why or why not?

no, because if muhammad appointed a successor caliphs wouldn't have been created, the three groups of Muslims wouldn't have formed, and the expansion would have probably taken longer.

abbasids

rebel group that took power after the Umayyads were overthrown moved capital to Baghdad, trading position

Sufi

rejected luxury and pursued a life of poverty and devotion

What tied the Abbasid caliphate and the independent Muslim states together?

religion, trade, language, and the economy

Why did the Shi'a oppose the rule of the Umayyads?

the Shi'a opposed the rule of the Umayyads because they believed that the caliphs had to be descendants of Muhammad, and the Umayyads were not.

How did Muslims under the "rightly guided" caliphs treat conquered peoples?"

they allowed the conquered people to follow their own religion. the Muslims treated the Christians and jews with special consideration because they were "people of the book." they could pay taxes to get out of military duties and officials.

Shi'a

those who believed that the Muslim ruler should have been a descendant of Muhammad

Sunni

those who believed the Muslim ruler should only need to follow Muhammad's example