CHAPTER 11-12
The Mongol conquests in China
led to the unification of a divided China, with the north and south of the kingdom once again coming under the rule of one dynasty
Unlike the Masai, the Xiongnu
relied heavily on the horse
Which of the following historical developments most likely set the context for the events depicted in this painting?
the Mongol Peace which provided security along the Silk Road
Which of the following best characterizes one way in which the Mongol Empire was very different from the other major empires of the ancient & medieval worlds?
the Mongols generally ignored or assimilated to the cultural identities of the people whom they conquered
The relationship between Marco Polo & Kubilai Khan depicted in the painting was most likely reflective of which aspect of Mongol rule?
the Mongols in China often employed Muslims & Europeans in the royal court
Which of the following best explains the changes illustrated in the table during the period 1340-1450 CE?
A. The Bubonic Plague spread across Asia into Europe. B. Invasions from all directions restarted. C. A cooling in temperature led to a declining agricultural product. D. Political decentralization led to constant warfare. I PUT D AND I GOT IT WRONG
In comparison to the Mongol conquests of Persia and China, Russia experienced
A. much less devastation because Russian cities were better able to repel Mongol sieges. B. greater religious change, with the Russian Orthodox church losing influence over a large portion of the population. C. more dramatic political change, with all native Russian princes being replaced by Mongol lords. D. a different post-conquest relationship with the Mongols because the Mongols chose not to occupy the region physically I PUT C AND I GOT IT WRONG
Use the passage below to answer questions 29-30 "Upon their arrival they were honorably & graciously received by the grand Khan, in a full assembly of his principal officers. When they drew nigh to his person, they paid their respects by prostrating themselves on the floor. He immediately commanded them to rise, & to relate to him the circumstances of their travels, with all that had taken place in their negotiations with his holiness the pope. To their narrative, which they gave in regular orders of events, & delivered in perspicuous language, he listened with attentive silence. The letters & presents from pope Gregory were then laid before him, and, upon hearing the former read, he bestowed much commendation on the fidelity, zeal & the diligence of his ambassadors; & receiving with due reverence the oil from the holy sepulcher, he gave directions that it should be preserved with religious care. Upon his observing Marco Polo, & inquiring who he was, Nicolo made answer, This is your servant, & my son; upon which the grand Khan replied, "He is welcome, & it please me much," & he caused him to be enrolled amongst his own attendants of honor. And on the account of their return he made a great feast & rejoicing; & as long as the said brothers & Marco remained in the court of the grand Khan, they were honored even above his own courtiers. Marco was held in high estimation & respect by all belonging to the court. He learnt in a short time & adopted the manners of the Tartars, & acquired a proficiency in four different languages, which he became qualified to read & write." Marco Polo's Travels, ca 1300 C.E. 29. The encounter described in the account above illustrates which of the following?
Amiable cultural exchange between Europe & Asia
EXTRA CREDIT Who among Western Europe's elite supported overseas exploration, and what were their motivations?
Among Western Europe's elite, nobles/wealthy supported overseas expansion because they believed they could gain great wealth from the merchant communities. They also knew they could put taxes on the goods which in turn, would result in more profit. They could also get a hold of foreign resources that were in a high demand and trade those items. They also saw an opportunity for conversion. Traders regularly formed relations with people of various civilizations, so they had a chance to influence the culture and values of people, which would allow them to convert.
Use the excerpts below and your knowledge of world history to answer questions 23-24 A. "Inside the city...there are many abbeys and churches of the Idolaters.... Both men and women clothe themselves in silk, so vast is the supply of the material....The crowd of people...is so vast that no one would believe it possible to [feed them all]....All the squares are crammed with traders who have brought in stores...by land or water...And [they are] free from all jealously or suspicion of the conduct of their women. These they treat with the greatest respect...." Source: Marco Polo in The Book of Sir Marco Polo the Venetian Concerning the Kingdoms and Marvels of the East B. "The garments of the town's inhabitants of made of fine Egyptian fabrics....[T]heir women show no bashfulness before men and do not veil themselves, though they are [faithful] in attending the prayers....A traveler in this country carries no provisions, [not] food or seasonings, neither gold nor silver. When he comes to a village the women bring out millet, milk, chickens, plump lotus fruit, rice and...pounded haricot beans." Source: Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354 23. Which of the following is the most likely reason for similarities in Marco Polo's and Ibn Battuta's accounts of their travels in the 13th and 14th centuries?
Both the areas observed participated in significant long-distance trade
Which of these accurate describes the political status of China in Marco Polo's time?
China was under the control of Mongol rulers
The painting above is evidence of which of the following?
Cultural & Economic interactions between Europe & East Asia
Use the following passage & your knowledge of history to answer questions 20-21-22 Whenever the treasure-ships of the Central Country (Ming China) arrived there, they at once erected a line of stockading, like a city-wall. . . The ships which had gone to various countries returned to this place and assembled; they marshaled the foreign goods and loaded them in ships; then waited till the south wind was perfectly favorable. . . Moreover, the king of the country made a selection of local products, conducted his wife and son, brought his chiefs, boarded a ship and followed the treasure-ships; and he attended at court and presented tribute. - Ma Huan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores 1451 20. Based on the passage, what was the primary motivation for the treasure fleet voyages?
Diplomacy to demonstrate Ming Superiority
Which of the following best explains the changes illustrated in the table during the period 500-650 CE?
Disease and warfare rose following the collapse of the Roman Empire.
Why did the Ming government suddenly stop the exploration of the Indian Ocean basin?
Emperor Yongle's successors viewed expansion as a waste of time and resources
Which region gained the most from the exchanges of ideas and technologies facilitated by the Mongol Empire?
Europe
Which of the following is a reason why Europeans put so much effort into expanding their power, while Chinese withdrew into their borders during the fifteenth century?
European Christianity was locked in a struggle with Muslims who threatened Europe and blocked easy access to the wealth of Asia, whereas China already had access to the wealth of Asia
How did the Songhay Empire fit into the Islamic world of the fifteenth century?
It was a substantial Islamic state on the West African frontier of the Islamic world
The description of Tenochtitlan's temples in Source 2 indicates which of the following was true about Aztec society in the 16th century?
It was highly complex & contained large numbers of highly skilled artisans
Based on this passage, which of the following is an accurate conclusion to draw about the Afro-Eurasian world of the 15th century?
Maritime reconnaissance was significant during the time period.
The breakup of the Mongol Empire into separate khanates during the mid-13th century was most connected to which of the following developments? Use the following passage & your knowledge of history to answer questions 14-15-16 "It is widely accepted that the rise of the Mongol Empire greatly expanded trade and the circulation of goods. . . . Since the fall of the Uighur Empire [in the ninth century], Mongolia was a region removed from the main trade routes. Thus the Mongols irrupted into the wider world as a relatively unknown society. As the Mongol Empire dominated Eurasia, envoys, merchants and travelers came to the court of the Mongols . . . and participated in . . . the exchange of goods, ideas, technology and people precipitated by the Mongol conquests." Timothy May, United States historian, academic article, 2016
Mongol traditions emphasized tribal and personal loyalties and made it difficult to establish long-lasting centralized dynastic rule, which led to civil war.
Which of the following is true of pastoral societies?
Most pastoral societies actively sought food stuffs, manufactured goods, and luxury items from agricultural civilizations
25. Question removed by teacher Answer for #25 is "A"
NO QUESTION FREE ANSWER
The Hundred Years' War between England and France (1337-1453) was comparable to which conflict in Ming China during the 15th century?
Nothing; Ming China was internally unified, unlike Europe
EXTRA CREDIT (# 3 is more like a short essay & is worth up to 3 points...) 3. Compare and contrast the creation of the Arab and Mongol Empires.
Similarities: The Mongol and Arab Empire both had incredibly influential leaders. The Mongol Empire was led by Genghis Khan and the Arab Empire was led by Prophet Muhammad and his successors. They also spread at a fast rate throughout the world and influenced many of the civilizations. One of the main similarities in these Empires was the effects of trade. Trade allowed these Empires to form relationships with other civilizations that would benefit them in the long-run. The effects of trade in the Arabian empire was that they were led under a callous and also had the faith of Islam. Because of the traveling merchants, trade spread Islam around the Middle East. Islam allow the Arabian empire to trade with other nations and advance politically. In Arabia,Tribes fought for farmland and power. Similarly, Mongolian tribes also participated in tribal fights. After Genghis Khan united all the Mongol clans they started developing their trade. Trade allowed the economy to flourish as merchants traded Chinese silk and porcelain, inventions Such as printing, gun powder, magnetic compass, and paper currency. Both empires became very powerful after expanding their trade and gaining wealth. Differences: Major difference between Arab and Mongol Empire was their approach to conquering other lands. The Mongolians were extremely brutal and savage in their invasions. They ruthlessly massacred and slaughtered the people of various civilizations. They had unusual and inhumane ways of executing people. On the other hand, the Arab empire was certainly more civilized and sophisticated. In Their conquest, they spared innocent people from harm and did not destroy homes and lands. Instead, They put taxes on people. This way if a conqueror nation chose to convert to Islam, they no longer had to pay those taxes. Their method of taking over other civilizations was much more humane and respectful. They do not force conversion either, as their faith did not Believe in forced conversion. Another difference between the Rob in Mango Empire was that the Mongol Empire emphasized and taught to fight and use weapons from a young age. Contrarily, the Arab empire instilled good morals and education in their youth.
Cortes' numerous references to "idols" in Source 2 illustrates which of the following conflicts between the Spanish conquistadors & the people of the New World?
Spanish monotheism v. Aztec polytheism
In what ways did the Incan and Aztec Empires differ substantially from each other?
The Incan Empire built an elaborate bureaucracy to integrate its subjects; the Aztecs did not
Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade?
The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially
Which of the following pairs of societies shared a common religion?
The Songhay Empire and the Ottoman Empire
The treasure fleet having to wait for the winds to be favorable referee to?
The arrival of the monsoons on the Indian Ocean
EXTRA CREDIT What characteristics were widely shared by pastoral peoples?
The characteristics shared by pastoral people were that they all had small populations and were largely nomadic. Their economies were not as developed, they survived off of their livestock, and sought manufactured goods and luxury items from agriculturalists. Furthermore, in pastoral societies, women generally had more freedom and rights. They also lived in tents and constantly traveled to different areas depending on the seasons and environment.
The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro-Eurasia?
The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China
Which of the following was a way in which the Mongols contributed to the globalization of the Eurasian world?
The, sometimes, forced movement of skilled people around the empire facilitated the exchange of ideas and technologies
The Turks differed from the Xiongnu in that only the
Turks played an important role in the spread of a major world religion
Which of the following best explains the changes illustrated in the table during the period 1000-1340 CE?
Within Western Europe we see the redevelopment of urban life & the development of new methods of farming
Which of the following describes the primary motivation of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire?
a desire to acquire gold & other riches
