Chapter 11

McClelland's theory states that employees are motivated by acquired needs that include the need for:

-Achievement -power -affiliation

Frederick Herzberg's theory states what?

-Managers can improve motivation by improving both motivators that create satisfaction and hygiene factors that reduce dissatisfaction. -Job dissatisfaction is associated with hygiene factors -Job satisfaction is associated with motivating factors.

Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of _____ to ____.

-Outputs to inputs

What are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory?

-Physiological needs -Esteem needs

what are among locke and Latham's mechanisms behind the power of goal setting?

-goals direct attention -goals foster the development of plans -goals increase persistence

Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:

-increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training -building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within -providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization

What are among the top-down approaches to job design?

-job enlargement -scientific management -job rotation -the job characteristics model

What are the characteristics that are influenced by motivation?

-persistence of behavior or thought -intensity of behavior or thought -direction of behavior or thought

The theories that focus on identifying internal factors that motivate people are ______ theories.

Content

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of how rewards are allocated is:

Distributive justice

The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:

Interactional justice

Which element of organizational justice has the weakest relationship to desired workplace outcomes?

Interactional justice

True or false: Research in more than 1000 different studies from a wide range of countries show that goal setting helps achieve success.

True

When do feedback and participation lead to higher performance in achieving a goal?

When the goal is specific and difficult

According to Locke and Latham's research on the mechanisms behind goal setting theory, goals

create persistence

Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job ________.

design

Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adams' Elements of ________ theory.

equity

The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

expectancy

Who formulated the theory that motivation is a function of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?

Abraham Maslow

McClelland's theory, developed in the 1940s, proposed that employee behaviors are driven by three ____ needs.

Acquired

Self-determination theory assumes that three innate needs- autonomy, __________, and relatedness- drive our behavior.

Competency

Who wrote the book The Human Side of Enterprise, which explores two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature?

Douglas McGregor

What process theory explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships?

Equity theory

What theory is based on comparing one's outputs and inputs with those of others?

Equity theory

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is:

Expectancy theory

True or false: McClelland's acquired needs theory states that everyone has an equal balance of affiliation, power, and achievement needs.

False

The theory that proposes that job satisfaction comes from motivating factors and dissatisfaction from the absence or weak presence of hygiene factors is based on research done by:

Frederick Herzberg

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective ________.

Inputs

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as ______ ______.

Job crafting

The acquired needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory include the:

Need for achievement and need for power

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are known as?

Needs

According to David McClelland's acquired needs theory:

One need often dominates over the other

The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make organizational decisions is:

Procedural justice

Self-determination theory assumes that our behaviors and well-being are influenced by which innate needs?

Relatedness, power, and competence

What does equity theory explain?

How people strive for fairness in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships

According to research on the elements of organizational justice, which two of them relate strongly to desired outcomes?

Procedural and distributive justice

One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to: Multiple choice question.

allow them to participate in important work decisions

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job ________.

enlargement

The use of feedback and participation in deciding how to achieve goals is part of which theory?

goal setting theory

The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?

instrumentality

Employees' perceptions of _______ are enhanced when they have a voice in the decision-making process

justice

The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as:

motivation

Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that:

motivation will be high when all three elements are high

Job rotation is the top-down approach that:

moves employees from one specialized job to another

The three acquired needs stated in mcClelland's theory are the needs for achievement, affiliation, and ______.

power

Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as _____ _____.

Idiosyncratic deals

The more dynamic theories that focus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are ______ theories.

Process

The theories that focus on explaining the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation are known as ________ theories.

Process

The general categories of motivation theories include:

Process theories and content theories

According to equity theory, people compare?

Their outputs-to-input ratio to that of relevant others

Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that:

Arouse behavior

Research has shown that setting _______ helps motivate individuals, teams, and organizations to achieve success.

Goals

The title of Douglas McGregor's book, which formulated two contrasting views of human nature is:

The Human Side of Enterprise

David McClelland's theory about the drivers of employee behaviors is the:

acquired needs theory

What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?

Idiosyncratic deals