Chapter 11 A Closer Look: The fat-soluble vitamins and vitamin D

Vitamin D has many functions throughout the body. While severe deficiency leads directly to poor bone mineralization, resulting in rickets and osteomalacia, current research suggests that a deficit in vitamin D may also be involved in the etiology of many disorders, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory infection, diabetes, infectious disease, and some cancers. From what you know about the characteristics of a deficiency disease, which of the following would be considered a deficiency disease resulting from inadequate levels of vitamin D? Check all that apply

Osteomalacia rickets

A number of risk factors contribute to inadequate levels of vitamin D and increase the likelihood of developing a deficiency disease. Which of the following individuals is at greatest risk for vitamin-D deficiency? a. John is a 30-year-old Caucasian man who spends most of his day working in an office building. b. Paul is a 30-year-old Caucasian man who spends most of his day working as a lifeguard. c. Matt is a 30-year-old Caucasian man who spends most of his day working as a farmer.

a

In order for the synthesis of vitamin D to occur, a series of steps is necessary and any disruption in this process can result in a deficiency of vitamin D. With this in mind, choose the situations or conditions that could contribute to a vitamin-D deficiency. Check all that apply.

having liver disease Living in a region without a lot of sunlight

Increased activation of vitamin D will result in ..... absorption of calcium in the small intestine and ..... risk of inadequate bone mineralization.

increased, decreased

According to the animation, the ...... is the organ where the conversion of inactive vitamin D is converted to calcidiol.

liver

James is a 2-year-old African American boy who lives in Seattle. He was breastfed in his first year of life and, since this time, he has refused to drink milk or consume any other dairy products, as he does not like the taste. As a result, a recent checkup indicated that James has a disease called ........ James is a 2-year-old African American boy who lives in Seattle. He was breastfed in his first year of life and, since this time, he has refused to drink milk or consume any other dairy products, as he does not like the taste. As a result, a recent checkup indicated that James has a disease called ...... or inadequate mineralization of his skeleton. This would be considered a .... deficiency that ..... be treated with vitamin D supplementation.

rickets , primary , could,

The following scenario describes an individual at risk for vitamin-D deficiency. Complete the sentences by using the dropdown menus provided.

.......

A closer look—The fat-soluble vitamins and vitamin D The roles of the fat-soluble vitamins differ from those of the water-soluble vitamins, but they are just as essential to life. Some of their chief functions or characteristics are listed below. Choose the vitamin being described.

A deficiency can lead to hemorrhagic disease -- vitamin K Plays a key role in vision and eye health -- vitamin A Primarily found in vegetable oils -- vitamin E Plays a key role in maintaining bone health -- vitaminD A carotenoid found in some orange and green vegetables -- beta carotene