Chapter 11 & 12: Sculpture and Installation of Arts of Ritual and Daily Life

For a sculpture to be considered high relief, the forms must project out from the background for at least ______ percent of their visual depth.

50

What is the fastest method of creating a hollow, rounded form in clay?

A potter's wheel

How was this Chinese bowl made?

A potters wheel

How does Auguste portray the individuals in The Burghers of Calais?

As individuals facing death in their own way

Which are methods used in carving?

Chipping Cutting Gouging

What is the most common sculptural material used for modeling?

Clay

True or false: Since the Renaissance the human form has infrequently been the subject of sculptors' work.

False

Of what is the nonporous, glass-like surface on ceramics created by firing the glazing made?

Powdered minerals and water

What do we know about this piece made by Pueblo potter María Martínez?

The color scheme is due to the firing process. It is made through coiling.

What facts do we know about the Olumeye bowl?

The material in which the bowl was sculpted The name of the sculptor who constructed the bowl

What was Auguste Rodin memorializing in The Burghers of Calais?

The self-sacrifice of six townsmen of 14th-century Calais

True or false: If we no longer know the original context in which an object was created, we can still appreciate it as a work of art.

True

True or false: Louise Bourgeois's mother wove and repaired tapestries, much like a spider weaves and repairs her web.

True

True or false: This portrait vessel was made using both modeling and a pre-prepared mold.

True

True or false: To portray a human being in sculpture is to bring it into the world itself and give it a version of life.

True

Based on the ancient Egyptian convention of depicting human form, how are the pharaoh Menkaure and Khamerenebty portrayed?

With idealized facial features and bodies Facing straight forward, with the pharaoh's arms arms stiff at his sides

U. S. coins display _____, relief.

low

The liquid form of ceramic used in casting is called _____.

slip

Louis Bourgeois's Maman is an example what kind of sculpture?

Sculpture in the round

Why do scholars believe that the Olmec artists chose basalt as the material to carve their monumental sculptures?

Basalt is volcanic stone, which is associated with the spiritual power of the natural world.

Janine Antoni used which materials in her sculpture Lick and Lather?

Soap Chocolate

What does the coiling technique involve?

Rope-like strands of clay that are joined together

Who developed contrapposto?

Sculptors in ancient Greece

Who is being depicted in this Baule sculpture?

A spirit spouse

Who has Japanese sculptor Kaikei represented in this wooden sculpture?

An individual with the outward appearance of a Buddhist monk Shinto diety Hachiman A patron and protector of warriors

What culture is most closely associated with a tradition of sculpture that considered the human body itself a worthy subject?

Ancient Greece

What metal is most frequently used in the casting process?

Bronze

Which sculpting method includes using a specifically shaped container into which the liquid is poured and then allowed to cool and harden?

Casting

True or false: This bowl is representative of olumeye bowls in Yoruba culture more generally.

False

What ideas is Janine Antoni exploring in her sculpture Lick and Lather?

Ideas of beauty Ideas of desire

What is the description for a freestanding sculpture that can be viewed from any angle and is finished on all sides?

In the round

Which are aspects of contrapposto?

It is Italian for "counterpoise" or "counterbalance" It places the figure's weight on one foot, which create a series of adjustments to the hips and shoulders that produce a subtle S-curve. It is a pose that suggests the potential for movement in a standing figure

Which descriptions apply to carving?

It is more direct than casting. It is a subtractive process. It is more aggressive than modeling.

According to Kiki Smith, why did she choose the human form as subject for her work?

It is only form everyone has their own authentic experience with.

Which was an innovation of the ancient Egyptian Chair of Hetepheres?

It was portable with armrests.

Why do much ancient art that still exists in the 21st century made of terra cotta?

It was surprisingly durable.

Why did Tilman Riemenschneider carve his Virgin and Child on the Crescent Moon in limewood?

Limewood is easy to carve. Limewood is plentiful in the region where Riemenschneider worked.

What characteristics describe Louise Bourgeois's Maman?

Maman is French for "mom." It is an example of sculpture in the round. Maman is a metaphor for the way Bourgeois's felt about her own mother.

Which materials have commonly been used to represent the human figure in sculpture?

Metal Stone Terra cotta

In what ways does being hollow help a ceramic object?

Most ceramics are meant to hold things. It is hard to fire solid clay, which might explode in the kiln.

This portrait vessel made by the Moche people of South America would have been used for what purposes?

Placed as an object on remembrance on grave-sites Made with the individual features of the person being sculpted Given as a gift to neighboring tribes

What do you see when you look at this sculpture from the ancient Middle East?

Plants carved in a stylized fashion Cuneiform text A man's body with wings and an eagle's head

What type of sculpture is this?

Relief High relief

If in the ancient world statues were often believed to have had an ambiguous, porous relationship to life, then which of the following can be said?

Statues could become reanimated through the intense devotion of the living. Statues could offer physical protection for the bodies of the dead. Statues could stand in for the bodies of dead individuals in rituals and ceremonies.

Taking a block of marble and carving a human figure out of it is considered to be what kind of sculptural process?

Subtractive

Which characteristics best describe synthetic resin as a sculptural material?

The appearance of more traditional sculptural material can be easily mimicked. A wide range of colored pigments in can be added to incorporate color.

Why is the lost-wax process of casting suitably named?

The wax mold is melted away so that it can be replaced by the metal.

What is the formal pose of Menkaure and Khamerenebty meant to convey?

Their status as "junior gods" The power of the rulers Their eternal existence

A hard white translucent ceramic made of white clay is called ______.

porcelain

A sculpture in which forms project from--but remain attached to--a background surface is called a ______.

relief

Because ______ is renewable, available, and easily carved, almost all civilizations, old and new, have made objects from it.

wood