Chapter 11 {Ethical Leadership}

Name the five styles of conflict management?

- Competing - Avoiding - Accommodating - Collaborating - Compromising,

What are some of the different types of leaders?

- Unethical leaders: are usually egocentric and often do whatever it takes to achieve the organization's objectives and their own. - Apathetic leaders: are not necessarily unethical, but they care little for ethics within the company (Does not listen to employees and does not communicate well). - Ethical leaders: include ethics at every operational level and stage of the decision making process.

What are some things to do to become a better leader?

1) Have a tough conversation that you've been meaning to have, including telling people what they need (and not necessarily want) to hear. 2) Stop talking and listen more. 3) Pick up the phone or walk down the hall to actually talk with someone rather than relying on more impersonal emails. 4) Communicate bad news in the same way, with the same zest, as good news. 5) Share performance feedback with others regularly so that others know how they can improve. 6) Be purposeful and thoughtful in how you communicate. 7) Ask for feedback so you can improve your skills. 8) Work on your blind spots in your leadership abilities.

What are the seven habits of strong ethical leaders?

1- Strong personal character. 2- The passion to do right. 3- Proactive. 4- They consider all stakeholders interests. 5- They are role models for the organizations values. 6- Transparent and actively involved in decision-making. 7- They take a holistic view of the firm's ethical culture.

What are the leadership styles that influence ethical decisions?

1. Coercive leader 2. Authoritative leader 3. Affiliative leader 4. Democratic leader 5. Pacesetting leader 6. Coaching leader Transactional leaders attempt to create employee satisfaction through negotiating, or "bartering," for desired behaviors or levels of performance Transformational leaders strive to raise employees' level of commitment and foster trust and motivation Authentic leaders are passionate about the company, live out corporate values daily in their behavior in the workplace, and form long-term relationships with employees and other stakeholders

When do ethical conflicts occur and how are they managed?

Ethical conflicts occur when there are two or more positions on an ethical decision • Will not be brought to management's attention without effective mechanisms for transparent communication • Employees themselves should be trained to handle conflict situations

Competing conflict management style

Highly assertive, not very cooperative, believe in winning at any cost, and measure success by how much the other side loses

Accommodating conflict management style

Highly cooperative, non-assertive, and give in to the other side even if it means sacrificing their own interests and values

What are some qualities of leadership? + What are some requirements for ethical leadership?

Leadership qualities differ for each situation • Ethical leaders must model organizational values • Place what is best for the organization over their own interests • Train and develop employees throughout their careers • Establish reporting mechanisms • Understand employee values and perceptions • Recognize the limits of organizational rules and values

In your opinion is feedback important for organizational leaders?

Most companies recognize the need for organizational leaders to provide feedback to employees o Informal methods like simple conversation or through more formal systems such as employee performance evaluations. o Need for organizational leaders to get feedback from their employees. o Employee feedback can be generated in many different ways, including interviews, anonymous surveys, ethical audits and websites.

Avoiding conflict management style

Not effective because they avoid conflict at any cost even if it leads to misconduct, are uncooperative, and are non-assertive

Small Group

Small group communication is growing in organizations • Can increase collaboration and generate a variety of difficult perspectives and opinions on a particular issue • Groupthink occurs when one or more group members feel pressured to conform to the group's decision even if they personally disagree • Group polarization refers to the fact that a group is more likely to move toward a more extreme position than the group members might have done individually

Leader-exchange theory

claims that leaders form unique relationships with followers through social interactions

Compliance-based approach

emphasizes obedience to rules and regulations and sets processes in place to ensure compliance

What are the four categories of organizational communication?

interpersonal small group non-verbal listening

Listening

involves paying attention to both verbal and nonverbal behavior • Without listening, communication becomes ineffective • Good listening skills tend to establish credibility and trustworthiness with employees

Non-verbal

is communication expressed through actions, body language, expressions, or other forms of communication not written or oral • Nonverbal cues are deemed more reliable that what he or she states verbally

Leadership

is the ability or authority to guide and direct others toward a goal

Interpersonal

is the most well-known form of communication and occurs when two or more people interact with one another • Often difficult to communicate to a superior • Ethical leader must work to reassure employees by balancing the interests of all relevant stakeholders

Leader-follower congruence

occurs when leaders and followers share the same vision, ethical expectations, and objectives for the company

Integrity-based approach

views ethics as an opportunity to implement core values

What are the benefits that come with ethical leadership?

• Communicate and monitor an organization's values, ensuring that employees are familiar with the company's purpose and beliefs • Provide cultural motivations for ethical behavior, such as reward systems for ethical conduct • Can lead to higher employee satisfaction and employee commitment • Creates strong relationships with external stakeholders • Positive association between ethical commitment of employees and a firm's valuation on the stock market

Differentiate between the compliance-based approach and integrity based approach for ethical leadership and organizational culture?

• Compliance-based approach: emphasizes obedience to rules and regulations and sets processes in place to ensure compliance • Integrity-based approach: views ethics as an opportunity to implement core values ➢ Take responsibility for the firm's ethical culture and hold employees accountable for practicing ethical behaviors and core practices

Transparency and reporting are two major dimensions of ethical communication. What are the differences between them?

• Create transparency by developing a culture where ethics is frequently discussed • Reporting is a two-way process in which the communicator communicates with superiors and subordinates o Can be formal or informal

What are some ways to avoid group thinking in small group decision-making?

• Emphasize to each team member that he or she is a critical evaluator with the responsibility to express opinions and objections freely. • Eliminate leadership biases by refusing to express an opinion when assigning tasks to a group. • Set up a number of independent groups to work on the same issue. • Encourage each team member to express the group ideas with someone he or she can trust from outside the group. • Express the need to examine all alternatives. • Invite outside experts into group meetings and allow members to interact with these experts • Assign one person to be devils advocate.

Talk about Ethical leadership?

• Ethical leadership creates an ethical culture. • Have the power to motivate others and enforce the organization's norms, policies, and viewpoints. • Positive relationship with the organizational citizenship of employees and a negative relationship with deviance or misconduct. • In many situations the actions of co-workers profoundly impacts the ethical decisions of employees. • Many CEOs articulate the firm's core values but fail to exhibit ethical leadership. • A leader must have followers' respect and also provide a standard of conduct. • Failure to demonstrate effective leadership qualities at the top creates the perception that managers either do not care about the company's ethics program or they feel they are above ethics and compliance requirements.

Give some observable ways of communicating ethical values to employees?

• One of the most observable ways of communicating ethical values to employees is through codes of ethics and training in how to act in different situations. o Codes of ethics provide important guidelines for employees on how to act in different situations • Leader-follower communication connects followers with those in the company who are most familiar with the firm's ethical values.

compromising is based on two dimensions

➢ Assertiveness is acting in one's own best interests ➢ Cooperativeness means working toward the best interests of the other person