Chapter 11 Homework: Cardiovascular System

The root word [BLANK] means "pressure."

-tension

Events of cardiac cycle in order

1. Blood flows passively through the atria and AV valves. 2. Receiving chamber pressure increases; more blood exits through AV valves. 3. All valves are closed; ventricular pressure increases. 4. Blood is forced through the semilunar valves by high pressure. 5. All valves are closed; ventricular pressure decreases.

During ventricular systole, high pressure in the ventricles pushes blood through the respective arteries. Atria and ventricles cannot contract at the same time, so the atria are in diastole during ventricular systole. Rank the events sequentially to empty the ventricles.

1. Intraventricular pressure begins to increase. 2. Atrioventricular (AV)valves close. 3. Isovolumetric contraction occurs. 4. Intraventricular pressure rises above arterial pressure. 5. Semilunar valves open. 6. Ventricular ejection occurs.

Which of the following changes would produce the greatest change in total peripheral resistance?

10% change in vessel diameter

[BLANK]: the force of the blood against the vessel wall.

Blood pressure

[BLANK]: the friction red blood cells encounter when moving past each other.

Blood viscosity

The following activities and body conditions affect blood pressure by changing one of the two listed factors. Blood volume Total Peripheral Resistance

Blood volume: blood donation excessive sweating Total Peripheral Resistance: high-altitude living growth smoking increased sympathetic activity

[BLANK]: the volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle each minute.

Cardiac output

[BLANK]: The first wave on an ECG that follows the firing of the SA node. This wave is small and signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.

P wave

[BLANK]: The large wave that results from the depolarization of the ventricles and precedes the contraction of the ventricles.

QRS complex

After ventricular contraction, the whole heart is briefly at rest and all the valves are closed. Which of the following statements best summarizes this early diastolic phase?

This is called isovolumetric relaxation and intraventricular pressure decreases.

[BLANK]: the amount of friction blood encounters during flow through blood vessels.

Total peripheral resistance

What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum?

atrioventricular (AV) bundle

By what pathway does oxygen leave capillaries to supply body tissues?

diffusion through capillary cell membranes

Which of these allows nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal liver and enter the inferior vena cava? umbilical artery ductus arteriosus ductus venosus foramen ovale

ductus venosus

During [BLANK], the ventricles relax.

early diastole

The root word [BLANK] means "liver."

hepat-

An infection of the liver is called [BLANK].

hepatitis

During [BLANK],the ventricles fill with blood.

mid-to-late diastole

The membrane surrounding the heart is the [BLANK].

pericardium

What is the function of the heart valves?

prevents backflow of blood

The root word [BLANK] means "hard."

scler-

Which of these describes a fenestrated capillary? special capillary type found in the liver unique capillary type that helps form the blood-brain barrier typical capillary type found in muscle, nerve tissue, and connective tissue special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important

special capillary type with small pores found in tissue where absorption is important

Which of these will decrease heart rate? stimulation by vagus nerves secretion of epinephrine increase in body temperature sudden drop in blood pressure (BP)

stimulation by vagus nerves

From what organs does the hepatic portal vein receive blood?

stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas

During [BLANK], the ventricles contract.

systole

Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?

tricuspid valve

Which of the following will slow the heart rate? sympathetic nerves vagus nerve stimulation excess calcium exercise

vagus nerve stimulation

The root word [BLANK] means "vessel."

vas-

A surgeon who repairs damaged blood vessels is called a [BLANK] surgeon.

vascular

Which type of vessel has a thick tunica media

artery

What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?

left ventricle

[BLANK] is a condition in which arteries harden.

Arteriosclerosis

During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to fill their respective ventricles to prepare for systole. What is happening during this time? Choose all that apply. Atrioventricular (AV) valves are open. Atria contract to force the remaining blood into the ventricles. Semilunar valves are open. Blood flows passively from veins through atria into ventricles. Pressure in the heart is high.

Atrioventricular (AV) valves are open. Atria contract to force the remaining blood into the ventricles. Blood flows passively from veins through atria into ventricles.

The following physiological changes either increase or decrease blood pressure: Increase blood vessel diameter Increase cardiac output Increase total peripheral resistance Increase blood viscosity Increase blood volume Increase blood vessel length

Decreases blood pressure: Increase blood vessel diameter Increases blood pressure: Increase cardiac output Increase total peripheral resistance Increase blood viscosity Increase blood volume Increase blood vessel length

[BLANK] is lower than normal blood pressure.

Hypotension

[BLANK]: The third wave that results from currents flowing during the repolarization of the ventricles.

T wave

Blood pressure would INCREASE as a result of a DECREASE in __________.

blood vessel diameter

The root word [BLANK] means "heart."

cardi-

Which arteries carry oxygen-rich blood into the cranial cavity?

internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries