Chapter 11 HW and DSM

How many different polypeptide chains combine to form a single hemoglobin molecule?

Four

Which of the following plasma proteins transport ions, hormones, and lipids and have an immune function?

Globulins

Which of the following organs/structures synthesizes more than 90 percent of the plasma proteins?

Liver

Blood of which blood type has neither anti-A antibodies nor anti-B antibodies?

Type AB

Which vitamin plays a critical role in almost every stage of the clotting process?

Vitamin K

An individual who is blood type A could safely receive a blood transfusion from _________.

a type A donor and a type O donor

What is the name of the name of the orange yellow pigment that the heme of hemoglobin is converted into?

bilirubin

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are all __________.

granulocytes

The process that occurs after agglutination, labeled "A" in this image, is known as

hemolysis

A person's blood type is determined by the

presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane.

Which one of the specialized cells found in blood functions to transport oxygen?

red blood cells

Erythropoiesis occurs only in _______ in adults.

red bone marrow

Which of the following processes may be required for evaluating the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs?

Arterial puncture (or "arterial stick")

What is the pH of blood?

Between 7.35 and 7.45

Normal blood clotting cannot occur unless the plasma contains the necessary clotting factors, which include plasma proteins and ________ ions.

calcium

What is the primary function of the cells shown here?

carry gases

Blood is more viscous than water because it contains ___________.

dissolved proteins and formed elements

Phagocytosis is a form of what kind of vesicular transport?

endocytosis

The formation of red blood cells is called

erythropoiesis

The process by which formed elements of blood are produced is called ___________.

hemopoiesis (or hematopoiesis)

The mechanism in the body which stops bleeding and prevents blood loss is known as ___________.

hemostasis

Globulins involved in lipid transport are called _________.

lipoproteins

What is the name of the formed element that is critical for initiating the formation of a blood clot?

platelet

What is the chief difference between plasma and serum?

presence/absence of clotting proteins

Which population of stem cells is responsible for the production of all the formed elements of blood?

Myeloid and lymphoid (stem) cells

Which formed elements of blood are created when megakaryocytes shed cytoplasm in membrane-enclosed packets?

Platelets

What is the name of the cell type that is found in connective tissue proper that has cytoplasm packed with granules filled with histamine and heparin?

mast cells

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation?

myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC

The cardiovascular system transports insoluble lipids to peripheral tissues by transporting _________.

protein-lipid combinations

What is the average life span of a red blood cell?

120 days

What is the average temperature of blood in the body?

38°C (100.4°F)

These antibodies attack fetal RBCs, producing a dangerous anemia. In addition to Rh, what are the other main surface antigens on red blood cells that determine blood type?

A and B

Which of the following statements is true regarding gender differences in hematocrit?

Adult males, on the average, have a higher hematocrit than adult females.

Which of the following proteins are major contributors to the osmotic pressure of plasma?

Albumins

Which condition is caused by low hematocrit, or RBCs with reduced hemoglobin content?

Anemia

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced.

Anemia

Which phase of hemostasis does not start until 30 seconds or more after the vessel has been damaged?

Coagulation phase

In the lungs, what process brings oxygen into the plasma and removes carbon dioxide?

Diffusion

Which type of white blood cell has deep red granules and increases numbers dramatically during parasitic infections or allergic reactions?

Eosinophils

The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join to form the common pathway through the activation of ___________.

Factor X

Which of the following statements describes what blood does to stabilize body temperature?

It absorbs and redistributes the heat generated by skeletal muscles.

Which of the following WBCs are agranulocytes?

Lymphocytes

Which of the following WBCs are continuously migrating from the bloodstream, through peripheral tissues, and back to the bloodstream?

Lymphocytes

During the formation of red blood cells, hemocytoblast divisions give rise to which of the following cells (represented by the question mark in the figure)?

Myeloid stem cells

In a differential count of the WBC population, what would typically be the most numerous WBC?

Neutrophils

Which of the following white blood cells, when mature, have a very dense, contorted nucleus with two to five lobes, resembling beads on a string?

Neutrophils

Which type of leukocytes are usually the first WBCs to arrive at an injury site?

Neutrophils

Which of the following factors remove platelets from the circulation?

Phagocytes

In determining blood compatibility, which of the following components are most important?

Surface antigens on the donor's cells

Following phagocytosis during hemoglobin recycling, what is the fate of the four globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule?

They are disassembled into their component amino acids.

Which of the following substances increases the rate of clot formation by stimulating the formation of tissue factor and the release of platelet factor by platelets?

Thrombin

What is an abnormally low platelet count known as?

Thrombocytopenia

Infection, inflammation, and cancer may result in which of the following conditions?

Thrombocytosis

Which of the following statements is true regarding the blood of an individual with Type AB?

Type AB blood does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies

Once a blood vessel has been cut, local contractions in the smooth muscle fibers of the vessel wall are characteristic of which phase of hemostasis?

Vascular phase

One of the functions of blood is to absorb and neutralize the __________ generated by active tissues.

acids

Which formed elements of blood, which remain in circulation or in vascular organs, are produced by megakaryocytes in bone marrow?

Platelets

The primary function of white blood cells is to

help defend the body against pathogens.

Which of the following lists the phases of hemostasis in the correct order?

1. Vascular phase, 2. Platelet phase, 3. Coagulation phase

What process enables white blood cells to move along the walls of blood vessels and, when outside the bloodstream, through surrounding tissues?

Amoeboid movement

If a red blood cell contains surface antigen B and surface antigen Rh, what would its blood type be?

B+

Which of the following WBCs attack objects that are coated with antibodies and increase dramatically during a parasitic infection?

Eosinophils

Which of the following WBCs are aggressive phagocytes that often attempt to engulf items as large as or larger than themselves?

Monocytes

Which of the following substances digests fibrin strands and breaks down blood clots?

Plasmin

Which blood type is characterized as red blood cells with surface antigen B and anti-A antibodies?

Type B

Which blood type can safely be administered to patients of any blood type?

Type O

Which blood type has neither A antigens nor B antigens?

Type O