Chapter 11: Overview of the Dentitions

Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth are ________________.

Succedaneous teeth

Which tooth is referred to as the "cornerstone" of the dental arch?

canine

Teeth are in ________________ when there is maximum contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth.

centric occlusion

The name of the area where adjacent teeth physically touch is the ________________.

contact area

The ________________ is the curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion.

curve of spee

What is the name for the curve of the occlusal plane?

curve of spee

Baby or primary teeth are called ________________.

deciduous

Natural teeth in the dental arch are the ________________.

dentition

The ________________ is the surface of the tooth distant from the midline.

distal surface

A ________________ is one sixth of the dentition.

sextant

What classification is neutroclusion?

Class I

What is the technical term for class III occlusion?

Mesioclusion

A(n) ________________ is a triangular space in the gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining teeth in contact.

embrasure

The name of the triangular space between adjacent teeth is the ______________.

embrasure

Teeth are in ________________ when the teeth make contact during biting and chewing movements.

functional occlusion

The junction of two tooth surfaces is a ___________.

line angle

Name the surface of the tooth that faces the tongue

lingual

The term for the position of teeth during chewing is ________________.

mastication

The ________________ is the surface of the tooth toward the midline.

mesial surface

Name the most posterior teeth

molars

A ________________ is one fourth of the dentition.

quadrant

What is the term for the four sections of the divided dental arches?

quadrant

The teeth in the front of the mouth are called the ________________.

anterior

How many teeth are in the primary dentition?

20 teeth

Which one-third portion of a tooth's surface is positioned toward the end of the root?

Apical one third

The chewing surface of the teeth is the ________________.

Masticatory surface

Explain how the size and shape of teeth determine their functions

Incisors cut food without force, Canines cut and tear food with force, premolars hold the food while the lingual cusps grind it and the molars grind the food.

The ________________ is the area between adjacent tooth surfaces.

Interproximal space

The natural contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions is termed ________________.

Occlusion

Define occlusion, centric occlusion, and malocclusion

Occlusion- The natural contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions Centric occlusion- Maximum contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth. Malocclusion- Occlusion that is deviated from a class I normal occlusion

Name the set(s) of teeth humans have in their lifetimes

Primary and permanent

Explain the differences among primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions

Primary- The first set of 20 primary teeth Mixed- period takes place between about 6 and 12 years of age Permanent- refers to the 32 secondary teeth, or "adult teeth."

Name and identify the location of each of the 5 tooth surfaces

1. Facial or Buccal- the surface closest to the face 2. Lingual- the surface closest to the tongue 3. Occusal- the chewing surface (the top of teeth) 4. Mesial- the surface of the tooth toward the midline 5. Distal- the surface facing away from the midline

What term is used for the front teeth?

anterior

Name and describe the types of teeth

Incisors -Incisors are single-rooted teeth with a relatively sharp, thin edge. Located at the front of the mouth, they are designed to cut food without the application of heavy force (an incisor is something that makes an incision, or cut). The tongue side, or lingual surface, is shaped like a shovel to aid in guiding food into the mouth. Canines -The canines, also known as cuspids, are located at the "corner" of the arch. They are designed for cutting and tearing foods, which requires the application of force. These teeth in dogs are designed for tearing food or protecting themselves. The canines are the longest teeth in the human dentition. They are also some of the best-anchored and most stable teeth because they have the longest roots. Canines are usually the last teeth to be lost. Because of its sturdy crown, long root, and location in the arch, the canine is referred to as the "cornerstone" of the dental arch. Premolars -There are four maxillary and four mandibular premolars. The premolars are a cross between canines and molars. You may hear the older term bicuspids used occasionally. This term is inaccurate because it refers to two ("bi") cusps, and some premolars have three cusps. Therefore the newer term premolar is preferred. The pointed buccal cusps hold the food while the lingual cusps grind it. Premolars are not as long as canines, and they have a broader surface for chewing food. Molars -Molars are much larger than premolars, usually having four or more cusps. The function of the 12 molars is to chew or grind up food. There are four or five cusps on the occlusal (biting) surface of each molar, depending on its location.

Name and describe the three primary systems of tooth numbering

Universal/National System -the most frequently used tooth numbering system -the permanent teeth are numbered from 1 to 32. Numbering begins with the upper-right third molar (tooth #1), works around to the upper-left third molar (tooth #16), drops to the lower-left third molar 148(tooth #17), and works around to the lower-right third molar (tooth #32) -The primary teeth are lettered with capital letters from A to T International Standards Organization System -uses a two-digit tooth-recording system. The first digit indicates the quadrant, and the second digit indicates the tooth within the quadrant, with numbering from the midline toward the posterior Palmer Notation System -a shorthand diagram of the teeth presented as if one is viewing the patient's teeth from the outside

What is the name for the space between adjacent teeth?

interproximal

An individual who has an incorrect bite is given a diagnosis of ________________.

malocclusion

________________ is an abnormal or malpositioned relationship of the maxillary teeth to the mandibular teeth when they are in centric occlusion.

malocclusion

The lower jaw is the ________________.

mandible

The upper jaw is the ________________.

maxilla

Name and describe Angle's classification of malocclusion

was developed by Dr. Edward H. Angle to describe and classify occlusion and malocclusion. The basis of this system is that the permanent maxillary first molar is the key to occlusion. Angle's system assumes that the patient is occluding in a centric position