Chapter 11 practice test

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves and ________ pairs of spinal nerves in the peripheral nervous system. 1. A) 5; 7 2. B) 18; 34 3. C) 12; 31 4. D) 15; 25

12;31

Synaptic knobs are found ___________. a. in the neuroglia b. in the neuronal axons c. in the neuronal cell bodies d. in the neuronal dendrites

neuronal axons

Which of the following is not a class of neurotransmitters? a. Peptides b. Amino acids c. Biogenic amines d. Acetylcholinesterases

Acaetylcholinesrerases

The space between the presynaptic and postsyaptic membranes is called the __________. a. synaptic cleft b. neurotransmitter c. synaptic delay d. synaptic vesicle

Synaptic cleft

The portion of the diencephalon that acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling to the sensory cortex is the ________. 1. A) pons 2. B) pituitary gland 3. C) thalamus 4. D) hypothalamus

Thalamus

Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________. 1. A) a reflex arc 2. B) the all-or-none response 3. C) repolarization 4. D) saltatory conduction 5. E) graded potential

The all or none response

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse? 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell 5. A) 3, 2, 4, 1 6. B) 2, 1, 4, 3 7. C) 2, 1, 3, 4 8. D) 1, 2, 4, 3 9. E) 4, 1, 3, 2

2,1,4,3

____ reflexes include the secretion of saliva, changes in the size of our pupils, and digestion involve the activities of smooth muscles. 1. A) Somatic 2. B) Voluntary 3. C) Autonomic 4. D) Sympathetic

Automatic

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the ________. 1. A) dendrites 2. B) cell body 3. C) nucleus 4. D) axon 5. E) nodes of Ranvier

Axon

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________. 1. A) dendrite 2. B) cell body 3. C) synaptic cleft 4. D) axon

Axon

Dopamine and serotonin are examples of which class of neurotransmitters? a. Peptides b. Purines c. Biogenic amines d. Acetylcholinesterases

Biogenic amines

The term central nervous system refers to the ________. 1. A) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems 2. B) brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves 3. C) brain and cranial nerves 4. D) spinal cord and spinal nerves 5. E) brain and spinal cord

Brain and spinal cord

One of the major functions of the pons is to control ________. 1. A) breathing 2. B) hunger 3. C) thirst 4. D) consciousness

Breathing

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________. 1. A) concussion 2. B) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke 3. C) contusion 4. D) cerebral edema

CVA

The presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters in response to an influx of _______ ions. a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. sodium and potassium

Calcium

Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next? 1. A) chlorine 2. B) sodium 3. C) potassium 4. D) calcium 5. E) magnesium

Calcium

Ganglia are collections of ________. 1. A) nuclei 2. B) dendrites 3. C) cell bodies 4. D) axons 5. E) axon terminals

Cell bodies

The nervous system is structurally subdivided into two systems: ________ nervous system and ________ nervous system. 1. A) central; peripheral 2. B) somatic; autonomic 3. C) parasympathetic; sympathetic 4. D) autonomic; sympathetic

Central;peripheral

The brain dysfunction where blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel, is called ________. 1. A) cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke 2. B) Parkinson's disease 3. C) Huntington's disease 4. D) multiple sclerosis

Cerebrovascular ccident or stroke

Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________. 1. A) choroid plexuses 2. B) arachnoid villi 3. C) ventricles 4. D) sinuses

Choroid plexuses

The two major functional properties of neurons are ________. 1. A) cover and line body surfaces 2. B) contraction and movements 3. C) irritability and conductivity 4. D) connect and protect 5. E) lubricate and secrete

Connect and protect

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________. 1. A) corpus callosum 2. B) fornix 3. C) pons 4. D) thalamus

Corpus callosum

_______ connect sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways and their cell bodies are typically located in the central nervous system. 1. A) Interneurons (association neurons) 2. B) Afferent 3. C) Efferent 4. D) Proprioceptors

Interneurons

The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called ________. 1. A) axons 2. B) dendrites 3. C) neurolemmas 4. D) Schwann cells 5. E) satellite cells

Dendrites

Generation of an action potential can be inhibited by all of the following except: a. IPSPs. b. presynaptic inhibition. c. depolarization. d. hyperpolarization.

Depolarization

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________. 1. A) cerebellum 2. B) dicephalon (interbrain) 3. C) brain stem 4. D) cerebrum

Dicephalon

A neuronal circuit where incoming information is spread around or amplified is ________. a. converging b. diverging c. reverberating d. parallel after-discharge

Diverging

The natural opiates of our body are the: a. biogenic amines. b. GABA. c. endorphins. d. histamines.

Endorphins

Neuroglial cells that line the ventricles of the brain are the ______. a. astrocytes b. ependymal cells c. microglia d. Schwann cells

Ependymal cells

Unmyelinated nerve fibers are known as ________. 1. A) white matter 2. B) sensors 3. C) myelin sheaths 4. D) receptors 5. E) gray matter

Gray matter

One of the last areas of the CNS to mature is the ________, which regulates body temperature. 1. A) hypothalamus 2. B) thalamus 3. C) cerebellum 4. D) cerebrum

Hypothalamus

The fissure in the brain that separates the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________. 1. A) transverse fissure 2. B) longitudinal fissure 3. C) sagittal fissure 4. D) tentorium cerebelli

Longitudinal fissure

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________. 1. A) ventricles 2. B) arachnoid villi 3. C) meninges 4. D) sinuses

Meninges

All of the following are found in the PNS except: a. spinal nerves. b. cranial nerves. c. myelinated axons. d. microglia.

Microglia

The cell bodies of the ________ neurons are always located within the CNS. 1. A) proprioceptor 2. B) afferent 3. C) motor 4. D) sensory

Motor

Association neurons are always _________. a. found in the PNS b. multipolar c. sensory d. efferent

Multipolar

Neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), are structurally classified as ________. 1. A) efferent 2. B) multipolar 3. C) afferent 4. D) bipolar 5. E) unipolar

Multipolar

Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are ________. 1. A) myelinated 2. B) unmyelinated 3. C) sensory 4. D) motor 5. E) cerebral

Myelinated

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________. 1. A) myelin sheaths 2. B) neuroglia 3. C) oligodendrocytes 4. D) microglia

Neuroglia

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ________. 1. A) synaptic clefts 2. B) axon terminals 3. C) nodes of Ranvier 4. D) myelin sheaths

Nodes of ravier

Cranial nerve III is known as the ________ nerve. 1. A) optic 2. B) olfactory 3. C) oculomotor 4. D) trochlear

Oculomotor

Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system? 1. A) astrocytes 2. B) oligodendrocytes 3. C) Schwann cells 4. D) ependymal cells 5. E) satellite cells

Oligodendrocytes

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________. 1. A) synaptic cleft 2. B) cell body 3. C) effector 4. D) Schwann cell 5. E) node of Ranvier

Synaptic cleft

The nodes of Ranvier are found _______. a. in the CNS only b. on dendrites c. on the neuroglia d. on myelinated axons

On myelinated axons

The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division. 1. A) somatic 2. B) sympathetic 3. C) parasympathetic 4. D) afferent

Parasympathetic

The primary somatic sensory cortex is located in the ________ lobe of the cerebrum. 1. A) parietal 2. B) frontal 3. C) temporal 4. D) occipital

Parietal

___ disease results from a degeneration of the dopamine-releasing neurons of the substantia nigra. 1. A) Parkinson's 2. B) Alzheimer's 3. C) Huntington's 4. D) Autoimmune

Parkinson's

The ________ is a connective tissue wrapping around fascicles of neuron fibers. 1. A) epineurium 2. B) endoneurium 3. C) perineurium 4. D) perimysium

Perineurium

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater. 1. A) dura 2. B) arachnoid 3. C) periosteal 4. D) pia

Pia

The hypothalamus regulates the ________. 1. A) pineal gland 2. B) pituitary gland 3. C) pons 4. D) thalamus

Pituitary gland

If a membrane has a resting transmembrane potential of -90 mV, it is said to be _________. a. depolarized b. polarized c. hyperpolarized d. unresponsive

Polarized

At rest, a cell will have more ______ ions in the cytoplasm than outside the cell. a. sodium b. chloride c. potassium d. calcium

Potassium

IPSPs cause the postsynaptic membrane to become more permeable to ________. a. calcium b. sodium c. potassium d. chloride

Potassium

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid ________. 1. A) sodium 2. B) chloride 3. C) calcium 4. D) potassium 5. E) magnesium

Potassium

Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by all of the following except: a. reuptake by a presynaptic neuron. b. simple diffusion. c. enzymatic degradation. d. presynaptic inhibition.

Presynaptic inhibition

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________. 1. A) Meissner's corpuscles 2. B) proprioceptors 3. C) lamellar corpuscles 4. D) association neurons

Proprioceptors

Each spinal nerve divides into a dorsal and a ventral ________. 1. A) ramus 2. B) tract 3. C) ganglion 4. D) plexus

Ramus

Neuronal circuits involved in rhythmic activities such as breathing and arm swinging are _________. a. converging b. diverging c. reverberating d. parallel after-discharge

Reverberating

The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve, belongs to the ________ nerve plexus. 1. A) lumbar 2. B) sacral 3. C) brachial 4. D) cervical

Sacral

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________. 1. A) saltatory conduction 2. B) threshold 3. C) graded potential 4. D) sodium-potassium pump 5. E) all-or-none response

Saltatory conduction

______ cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS. 1. A) Satellite 2. B) Ependymal 3. C) Schwann 4. D) Nerve

Schwann

An action potential is caused by an influx of these ions into the cell ________. 1. A) potassium 2. B) sodium 3. C) calcium 4. D) magnesium 5. E) both potassium and sodium

Sodium

During membrane repolarization, there is a decrease in the membrane permeability to which ion? a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Both potassium and sodium

Sodium

During repolarization, ________ ions are pumped out of the cell. 1. A) sodium 2. B) potassium 3. C) both sodium and potassium 4. D) calcium

Sodium

Which channels are open during the absolute refractory period of a neuron? a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. All of the above

Sodium

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are ________. 1. A) motor 2. B) visceral sensory 3. C) somatic sensory 4. D) interneurons (association neurons) 5. E) parasympathetic

Somatic sensory

__ has occurred when a neuron is stimulated by more than one terminal. a. Temporal summation b. Spatial summation c. Synaptic delay d. Synaptic potentiation

Spatial summation

Sweat glands that produce perspiration when stimulated are innervated only by the ________ fibers. 1. A) sympathetic 2. B) parasympathetic 3. C) somatic 4. D) afferent

Sympathetic

A membrane maintains its resting potential mainly due to _________. a. the sodium-potassium pump b. chemically gated sodium channels c. potassium leak channels d. calcium leak channels

The sodium-potassium pump

The blood-brain barrier is formed by ________ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain. 1. A) gap 2. B) intercalated 3. C) desmosome 4. D) tight

Tight

Bundles of nerve fibers (neuron processes) running through the CNS are called ________, whereas in the PNS they are called ________. 1. A) tracts; nerves 2. B) gray matter; white matter 3. C) axons; dendrites 4. D) afferent neurons; efferent neurons

Tracts;nerves

The number of neurons involved in transmission of impulses in the autonomic nervous system is ________. 1. A) one 2. B) two 3. C) four 4. D) eight

Two

The only pair of cranial nerves to extend to the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the ________ nerves. 1. A) glossopharyngeal 2. B) oculomotor 3. C) vestibulocochlear 4. D) vagus

Vagus

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter. 1. A) sensory; motor 2. B) gray; white 3. C) motor; sensory 4. D) white; gray

White;gray

The neurilemma is found on the _______________. a. dendrites of the CNS b. dendrites of the PNS c. axons of the CNS d. axons of the PNS

axons in the PNS

The major role of the interneuron (association neuron) is to ________. 1. A) carry information from the central nervous system to muscles and/or the viscera 2. B) form a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons 3. C) transmit nerve impulses from the skin and organs to the central nervous system 4. D) connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways 5. E) detect the amount of stretch in skeletal muscles or tendons and their joints

connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

Bipolar neurons are commonly ________. 1. A) motor neurons 2. B) called neuroglia 3. C) found in ganglia 4. D) found in the eye and nose 5. E) more abundant in adults than in children

found in the eye and nose

Nissl bodies are found ______________. a. in the neuroglia b. in the neuronal axons c. in the neuronal cell bodies d. in the neuronal dendrites

neuronal cell bodies

Myelin sheaths in the CNS are produced by the ________. a. astrocytes b. microglia c. oligodendrocytes d. Schwann cells

oligodendrocytes

All of the following are neuroglial cells except: a. Schwann cells. b. ependymal cells. c. microglia. d. perikaryons.

perikaryons

During the resting state, a neuron is ________. 1. A) polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell 2. B) propagating the action potential 3. C) depolarizing and generating an action potential 4. D) restoring the ionic conditions utilizing the sodium-potassium pump 5. E) repolarizing as potassium ions diffuse out of the cell

polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell

All of the following are true of action potentials except: a. they exhibit an all-or-none response. b. they are inhibited by IPSPs. c. they need a threshold stimulus. d. they travel more slowly on myelinated fibers.

they travel more slowly on myelinated fibers