Chapter 11: Properties of the Hair & Scalp

Which of the five main structures of the hair root contain the blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth? A: Dermal papilla B: Hair bulb C: Hair follicles D: Sebaceous glands

A: Dermal papilla

Which type of melanin provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones? A: Pheomelanin B: Eumelanin C: Polymelanin D: Biomelanin

A: Pheomelanin

During the ________ phase, new hair is produced because the new cells are actively manufactured in the hair follicle. A: anagen B: catagen C: resting D: telogen

A: anagen

Congenital canities exists ________. A: at or before birth B: during adolescence C: during middle age D: in the later years of life

A: at or before birth

The technical term used to describe gray hair is __________. A: canities B: tinea C: alopecia D: albino

A: canities

The middle layer of the hair is the _________. A: cortex B: carbuncle C: canity D: catagen

A: cortex

Compared to pigmented hair, gray hair is ________. A: exactly the same B: softer C: more resistant D: less resistant

A: exactly the same

Asians tend to have _________ hair. A: extremely straight B: extremely curly C: straight to wavy D: wavy to curly

A: extremely straight

The __________ is the outermost layer of the hair. A: hair cuticle B: hair bulb C: hair follicle D: hair root

A: hair cuticle

The measurement of the number of individual hair strands on one square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of the scalp is __________. A: hair density B: hair elasticity C: hair texture D: hair porosity

A: hair density

The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root is the __________. A: hair follicle B: hair shaft C: hair bulb D: scalp

A: hair follicle

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis is the _____________. A: hair root B: hair shaft C: hair stream D: hair bulb

A: hair root

A _________ bond is a weak, physical cross-link side bond easily broken by water or heat. A: hydrogen B: hydrophilic C: hydrophobic D: helix

A: hydrogen

Vellus hair is also known as _______. A: lanugo hair B: lanthionine hair C: malassezia hair D: monilethrix hair

A: lanugo hair

Finasteride is an oral prescription medication for hair loss that is meant for ___________. A: men only B: women only C: men and women D: animals

A: men only

The technical term for beaded hair is __________. A: monilethrix B: fragilitas crinium C: trichorrhexis nodosa D: hypertrichosis

A: monilethrix

The technical term for ringworm is __________. A: tinea B: tinea barbae C: tinea favosa D: tinea capitis

A: tinea

The technical term for knotted hair is _________. A: trichorrehexic nodosa B: monilethrix C: trichoptilosis D: hypertrichosis

A: trichorrehexic nodosa

Abnormal hair loss.

Alopecia

Autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system; usually begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches on the scalp.

Alopecia Areata

Total loss of the scalp hair.

Alopecia Totalis

Complete loss of body hair.

Alopecia Universalis

Units that are joined together end-to-end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds)to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins.

Amino Acids

Also known as growth phase; phase during which new hair is produced.

Anagen Phase

Also known as androgenetic alopecia; hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted to vellus hair; in men, it is known as male pattern baldness.

Androgenic Alopecia

The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.

Arrector Pili Muscle

An autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person's own immune system is _________. A: androgenic alopecia B: alopecia areata C: alopecia totalis D: alopecia universalis

B: alopecia areata

Total scalp hair loss is known as ____________. A: alopecia areata B: androgenetic alopecia B: alopecia totalis D: alopecia universalis

B: alopecia totalis

The _______ is the small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. A: medula B: arrector pili muscle C: tinea D: dermal papilla

B: arrector pili muscle

Hair texture is classified as ________. A: wavy, straight, or curly B: coarse, medium, or fine C: light, medium, or dark D: long, medium, or short

B: coarse, medium, or fine

Dandruff can easily be mistaken for ___________. A: tinea B: dry scalp C: pediculosis capitis D: trichoptilosis

B: dry scalp

Scalp hair grows _________ on women than on men. A: slower B: faster C: thinner D: thicker

B: faster

The ________ is the lowest part of a hair strand. A: hair root B: hair bulb C: hair cuticle D: hair follicle

B: hair bulb

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture is called __________. A: hair absorbency B: hair porosity C: hair saturation D: hair stream

B: hair porosity

The ________ are part of the integumentary system. A: hair, skin, and bones B: hair, skin, nails, and glands C: hair, glands, and bones D: nails, skin, and muscles

B: hair, skin, nails, and glands

Hypertrichosis is also known as _________. A: ringed hair B: hirsuties C: canities D: split ends

B: hirsuties

A carbuncle is similar to a furnucle but is ________. A: smaller B: larger C: harder D: softer

B: larger

Oily hair and scalp can be treated by properly washing with a __________. A: vinegar solution B: normalizing shampoo C: conditioning shampoo D: dry shampoo

B: normalizing shampoo

The strong, chemical bonds that join amino acids are called ____________. A: convex bonds B: peptide bonds C: hydrogen bonds D: side bonds

B: peptide bonds

The technical term for dandruff is _____________. A: canities B: pityriasis C: alopecia D: simplex

B: pityriasis

The medulla is composed of ______ cells. A: rod-shaped B: round C: spiral-shaped D: rectangular

B: round

A highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite that burrows under the skin is __________. A: capitis B: scabies C: furnucle D: carbuncle

B: scabies

The scientific study of hair, its diseases, and care is called __________. A: dermatology B: trichology C: biology D: cosmetology

B: trichology

The average growth of healthy scalp hair is __________. A: 1/2 inch (1.25cm) per week B: 1 inch (2.5 cm) per week C: 1/2 inch (1.25cm) per month D: 1 inch (2.5cm) per month

C: 1/2 inch (1.25cm) per month

By age 35, almost _________ percent of both men and women show some degree of hair loss. A: 20 B: 30 C: 40 D: 50

C: 40

Wet hair with normal elasticity will stretch up to __________ of its original length and return to that length without breaking. A: 25% B: 40% C: 50% D: 70%

C: 50%

To help minimize tangles in extremely curly hair when shampooing, you should use _________. A: a drying shampoo B: strong scalp manipulations C: a detangling rinse D: antibacterial shampoo

C: a detangling rinse

For chemicals to penetrate a healthy cuticle hair layer, they must have __________. A: no pH B:: a neutral pH C: an alkaline pH D: an acidic pH

C: an alkaline pH

Scalp massage ________ hair growth. A: increases B: decreases C: does not increase D: is necessary for

C: does not increase

The two parts of a mature strand of human hair are the __________. A: dermis and epidermis B: hair shaft and hair follicle C: hair root and hair shaft D: hair root and hair follicle

C: hair root and hair shaft

The term for the spiral shape of a coiled protein is _________. A: matrix B: cystine C: helix D: cysteine

C: helix

A condition of abnormal growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair is ____________. A: trichorrhexis B: ringed hair C: hypertrichosis D: canities

C: hypertrichosis

When the living cells of hair form and begin their journey upward through the hair follicle, they mature in a process called _________. A: neutralization B: transition C: keratinization D: maturation

C: keratinization

The naturally occurring fungus that causes the symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control is _________. A: medulla B: monilethri C: malassezia D: hypertrichosis

C: malassezia

The ___________ is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells. A: tinea B: monilethrix C: medulla D: scutula

C: medulla

Because there are so many of them, salt bonds account for about ________ of the hair's overall strength. A: one quarter B: one half C: one third D: two thirds

C: one third

The infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice is called ___________. A: hypertrichosis B: trichoptilosis C: pediculosis capitis D: fragilitas crinium

C: pediculosis capitis

Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp are called ________. A: tinea barbae B: scabies C: scutula D: wheals

C: scutula

The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles are the _________ glands. A: systine B: simplex C: sebaceous D: scutula

C: sebaceous

Hair follicles are not found on the ________. A: forehead area B: backs of the hands C: soles of the feet D: back of the neck

C: soles of the feet

The five elements - carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur - that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails.

COHNS Elements

Technical term for gray hair; results from the loss of the hair's natural melanin pigment.

Canities

Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger.

Carbuncle

The brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle. It signals the end of the growth phase.

Catagen Phase

Middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment.

Cortex

Tuft of hair that stands straight up.

Cowlick

An amino acid with a sulfur atom (S) that joins together two peptide strands.

Cysteine

An amino acid formed when 2 cysteine amino acids (with single sulfur) are joined by their sulfur groups or disulfide bond.

Cystine

Hair is approximately __________ percent protein. A: 60 B: 70 C: 80 D: 90

D: 90

During which phase does the follicle canal shrink and detach from the dermal papilla? A: Patagen B: Telogen C: Anagen D: Catagen

D: Catagen

Which type of hair almost never has a medulla? A: Oily B: Pigmented C: Terminal D: Vellus

D: Vellus

When hair leaves the follicles at an angle and forms patterns or streams on the head, it is called _________. A: crown hair B: a cowlick C: ringed hair D: a whorl

D: a whorl

Cross-sections of hair __________. A: are always round B: are always oval C: are always flattened oval D: can be almost any shape

D: can be almost any shape

The _________ phase signals the end of the growth phase. A: telogen B: resting C: anagen D: catagen

D: catagen

A particular pattern of hair stream that is usually more noticeable on the front hairline in people with short, thick hair is a __________. A: cystine B: cysteine C: cortex D: cowlick

D: cowlick

Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a ________. A: bacterium B: virus C: parasite D: fungus

D: fungus

Shaving, clipping, and cutting the hair on the head _________. A: makes it grow back faster B: makes it grow back darker C: makes it grow back coarser D: has no effect on hair growth

D: has no effect on hair growth

Coarse hair __________. A: has the smallest diameter B: is the most common hair texture C: is not resistant to chemical services D: is stronger than fine hair

D: is stronger than fine hair

Tinea is characterized by __________, scales, and sometimes, painful circular lesions. A: numbness B: blisters C: sudden hair loss D: itching

D: itching

Bald men are commonly perceived as _________. A: more assertive B: younger C: more physically attractive D: less successful

D: less successful

The fatty or oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands is ________. A: sweat B: lymph C: catagen D: sebum

D: lymph

Compared to hair with high porosity, chemical services performed on hair with low porosity require __________. A: neutral solutions B: more acidic solutions C: solutions of the same pH D: more alkaline solutions

D: more alkaline solutions

Fine hair is ________ than coarse or medium hair A: thicker B: harder to process C: more difficult to damage D: more fragile

D: more fragile

The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, ___________. A: lead, and zinc B: keratin, and selenium C: boron, and calcium D: nitrogen, and sulfur

D: nitrogen, and sulfur

The long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females is called ___________. A: vellus hair B: lanugo hair C: extra hair D: terminal hair

D: terminal hair

The anagen phase generally lasts from three to five _________. A: days B: weeks C: months D: years

D: years

A small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb.

Dermal Papilla

Strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder.

Disulfide Bond

Provides natural dark brown to black color to the hair and is the dark pigment predominant in black and brunette hair.

Eumelanin

Technical term for brittle hair.

Fragilitas Crinium

Boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain.

Furuncle

Lowest part of a hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.

Hair Bulb

Outermost layer of hair; consisting of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof.

Hair Cuticle

The number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch (2.5 square centimeters) of scalp.

Hair Density

Ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.

Hair Elasticity

The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.

Hair Follicle

Ability of the hair to absorb moisture.

Hair Porosity

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.

Hair Root

The portion of hair that projects above the epidermis.

Hair Shaft

Hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction.

Hair Stream

Thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand.

Hair Texture

Spiral shape of a coiled protein created by polypeptide chains that intertwine with each other.

Helix

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat.

Hydrogen Bond

Easily absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving).

Hydrophilic

Naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture.

Hydrophobic

Also known as hirsuties; condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair.

Hypertrichosis

A fibrous protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle.

Keratin

Process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die.

Keratinization

The bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers after the relaxer is rinsed from the hair.

Lanthionine Bonds

Naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin, but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control.

Malassezia

Innermost layer of the hair that is composed of round cells; often absent in fine and naturally blond hair.

Medulla

The tiny grain of pigment in the cortex that gives natural color to the hair.

Melanin

Technical term for beaded hair.

Monilethrix

Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.

Pediculosis Capitis

Also known as an end bond; chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain.

Peptide Bond

The lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones.

Pheomelanin

Technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells.

Pityriasis

Technical term for classic dandruff; characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp.

Pityriasis Capitis Simplex

Severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts.

Pityriasis Steatoides

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Polypeptide Chain

Temporary hair loss experienced towards the end and after pregnancy.

Postpartum Alopecia

Long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids.

Proteins

Variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand.

Ringed Hair

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains.

Salt Bond

Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or tinea favus.

Scutula

The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles.

Sebaceous Glands

A fatty or oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin.

Sebum

Bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains together and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair.

Side Bonds

Also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.

Telogen Phase

Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females.

Terminal Hair

Technical term for ringworm - a contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions.

Tinea

Also known as tinea favus; fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp called scutula.

Tinea Favosa

Scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.

Trichology

Technical term for split ends.

Trichoptilosis

Technical term for knotted hair; it is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft.

Trichorrhexis Nodosa

Also known as lanugo hair; short, fine, unpigmented, and downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

Vellus Hair

The shape of the hair strands; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly.

Wave Pattern

Hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head.

Whorl