chapter 12

Cory was driving when an accident killed his best friend who was sitting in the car with him. However, Cory escaped uninjured. When he woke up the next morning, he couldn't remember where he was or what had happened the previous night. He is most likely exhibiting:

dissociative amnesia.

Schizophrenia is characterized by:

disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, and mood.

​_________ is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality.

​Hallucination

_________ is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy.

​Schizophrenia

_________ are excessive, irrational fears of specific objects or situations, such as spiders, snakes, or heights.

​Specific phobias

__________is the erroneous belief that one is being victimized or made to suffer.

Ideas-of-persecution

Explain in detail the origins of dissociative amnesia.

Dissociative amnesia is the forgetting of important events that happened in one's life and information about themselves. In this disorder, a person can forget their whole lifetime for hours or years.

The central symptom of generalized anxiety disorder is persistent anxiety that can be attributed to a phobic object, situation, or activity.

FALSE

The loss of memory to a person with dissociative amnesia can be attributed to organic problems such as a blow to the head or alcoholic intoxication.

FALSE

What are psychological disorders? Explain its characteristics in detail.

Psychological disorders are patterns of behavior or mental processes that are connected with emotional distress or significant impairment in functioning. It's characterized by anxiety. They are unusual, suggest faulty perception or interpretation of reality, suggest severe personal distress, self defeating, dangerous, and the behavior of the individual is socially unacceptable.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of psychological disorders?

Socially acceptable behavior

Obsessions are so compelling and recurrent that they disrupt daily life.

TRUE

People with delusional disorder hold persistent, clearly delusional beliefs, often involving paranoid themes.

TRUE

Sanchez, an 8-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to a make-believe group of friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused brain damage." Which perspective on psychological disorders does she hold?

The medical model

A young man is having trouble getting along with his roommate. Sometimes, his roommate does not speak for days. On other days, he speaks rapidly and nonstop, and is often abrasive and aggressive. The roommate is showing symptoms suggesting:

bipolar disorder

Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of _____.

bipolar disorder

People with__________have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression.

bipolar-disorder

Fran describes herself as complicated. Since she hates being alone, she is always looking for companionship and often gets involved in stormy relationships. Mostly, she gets into disagreements with people over her divided loyalties—she just cannot make up her mind to stand by one person. She has been hopping from job to job because she is not sure about what she likes to do. Her attitude is typical of a person with _____.

borderline personality disorder

In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, a person may:

make huge contributions to charity.

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house will get robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from__________.

obsessive-compulsive-disorder

_________ is an abrupt anxiety attack that is apparently unrelated to specific objects or situations.

panic disorder

Tom is a loner who shows little interest in making friends and does not exhibit much emotion. However, he is a star performer at work. His job involves updating a database to reflect the most recent events occurring in the world. He is showing signs of _____.

schizoid personality disorder

Katie is excessively fearful of meeting new people. She eats at her desk at work to avoid any social contact with her coworkers and consistently refuses their invitations to go out for parties. Psychologists will most likely diagnose Katie with__________.

social-phobia

Psychological disorders are:

sometimes characterized by anxiety.

​Sarah's thinking is considered to be peculiar. She mixes up words from different languages and strings them along in rambling sentences. She plays out her fantasy of living in a world of cotton candy all day. However, she does not suffer from hallucinations or delusions. Sarah is displaying symptoms of _____.

​schizotypal personality disorder