Chapter 12 Acp History

Radical Republican

After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.

Describe Congressional Reconstruction. What are the policies that they passed?

In early 1866, Congressional Republicans, appalled by mass killing of ex-slaves and adoption of restrictive black codes, seized control of Reconstruction from President Johnson. ... The 14th Amendment also reduced representation in Congress of any southern state that deprived African Americans of the vote.

Why did racial violence increase in 1870? How did the federal government respond?

The more progress African Americans made, the more hostile white southerners became as they tried to keep freedmen in a subservient role.

How did Radical Republicans try to protect the rights of African Americans?

They passed the Fourteenth Amendment which guaranteed equality.

Share-tenancy

much like sharecropping, except that the farmer chose what crop he would plant and bought his own supplies

Carpetbagger

negative term for a northern Republican who moved to the South after the Civil War

Scalawag

negative term for a southern white who supported the Republican Party after the Civil War

How did Republican governments provide new opportunities in the South?

new land to be bought, new careers to be shaped.

Ku Klux Klan

organization that promotes hatred and discrimination against specific ethnic and religious groups

Enforcement Acts

1870 and 1871 laws that made it a federal offense to interfere with a citizen's rights to vote

Fifteenth Amendment

1870 constitutional amendment that guaranteed voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States

Fourteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

Why did the goals of the Republican Party change during the 1870's?

A. for economic reasons: the depression and the financial problems B. for political reasons: realization that they had to change their political strategy in order to win C. for legal reasons: supreme court decisions that weakened or dismantled much of the reconstruction machinery

How did social and economic life change for freed people?

African Americans could legalize and celebrate marriage. create homes for their families. make choices where they could reside (limited by black codes). developed schools, churches. find jobs as carpenters, blacksmiths, cooks, house servants etc

Why was Johnson impeached?

He allowed tenure, which many people thought was unconstitutional , he then fired his sec of war so the house brought impeachment charges but they were down by one vote.

What was the Wade-Davis Bill? How did it differ from Lincoln's plan for reconstruction?

It required that at least half the voters in a former rebel state take a loyalty oath. The Wade-Davis bill threw out Lincoln's "10 percent plan" in favor of one that required at least half of all voters to take the oath of allegiance before reconstruction could begin.

Why was the Reconstruction of the South likely to be a difficult process?

It was debated whether the south confederate leaders be tried with treason or should they be pardoned so that the national healing could proceed as quickly as possible

How did many white southerners react to the new status of African Americans in society?

Many white southerners were mad and scared of competition with the blacks so they turned to violence and many of them formed social groups like the KKK to terrorize the African Americans.

Explain the opposition to blacks and the 14th, and 15th amendments.

No one liked the blacks as they were competition for land, jobs, office, etc. They also did not want them to vote which was granted and protected in the 14th and 15th amendments. This then sparked women's suffrage and the fight for their rights to vote. People felt they weren't deserving of a vote because they weren't true Americans

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.

Explain scalawags & carpetbaggers. Which groups of the South welcomed them, and disliked them?

Scalawags hoped to gain political office with the help of african american vote. They wanted to use the office to enrich themselves, improve economic and political position and prevent former wealth players from regaining power. The carpetbaggers were any northern who moved to the south after war, they arrived with few items, white southerners wanted to exploit the postwar turmoil- make profit, they had mixed motives, they helped those in need and buy land and start legitimate, The south welcomed scalawags and disliked the carpetbaggers

Explain segregation and integration. Which policy was generally supported in the post-Civil War South?

Segregation is when the races are held separate from each other in public places such as schools, restaurants, buses, etc. Integration is when all races are allowed in one place all together, doing the same things. Segregation was supported in the south, they did not want the blacks interfering with white life, and wanted white the be the dominates of the southern area.

Explain the similarities and difference between sharecropping, share-tenancy and tenant farming.

Sharecropping and share-tenancy are different because share-tenancy allowed the farmer to choose what they wanted to grow and allowed them to save some money, sharecropping called for the farmer to pay the owner half back, with the additions of the use of their tools and other necessary items so these people were stuck in poverty where the others could at least find a way to let themselves grow financially at least by a little.

From the perspective of an African American in the South, how was Reconstruction a success and how was it a failure?

Success: gained citizenship and voting rights, public school system Failure: KKK and other groups terrorize African Americans

What role did the Freedmen's Bureau play for African Americans?

The freedmen's bureau called for the freeing of slaves and war victims but, alienation occurred, moderate rep, the radicals were angered so they took control of congress and override the veto, this would have limited their freedom by a lot but the override of the veto caused less effects to occur.

What were the immediate effects of Reconstruction?

The immediate effects of the reconstruction era were chaos and confusion between the confederate states and the Northern states after the Civil war. Slaves and all people alike were given freedom with the 14th amendment

Who were the Redeemers? What strategy did they follow, and how successful were they?

The redeemers were people who aimed to repair the south in congress's eyes. Their strategy was to redeem/ reclaim the south from northern domination, they had some success.

Who were the Radical Republicans? Identify specific policies that they supported.

Theadus stevens, wade davis bill; The Radical Republicans believed blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites.

What factors contributed to the refocusing of the nation away from the problems of the South?

Widespread of political corruption in federal gov, scandals of grants administration, grants reputation being demolished.

How and why did the Reconstruction era end?

With the compromise, the Republicans had quietly given up their fight for racial equality and blacks' rights in the south. In 1877, Hayes withdrew the last federal troops from the south, and the bayonet-backed Republican governments collapsed, thereby ending Reconstruction.

Impeach

accusation against a public official of wrong-doing in office

Compromise of 1877

agreement by which Rutherford B .Hayes won the 186 presidential election and in exchange agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from the South

What positive notes came from reconstruction?

blacks became politically active They worked in government positions and created the first public schools for White and Black. Union army protects free slaves It forced southern states to obey congress and allow all men to vote 3 new amendments, freedmen's bureau

Freedman's Bureau

federal agency designed to aid freed slaves and poor white farmers in the South after the Civil War

Segregation

forced separation, oftentimes by race

Rutherford B. Hayes

his administration removed federal troops from the south and so ended the reconstruction period (1822-1893)

Black Code

laws that restricted African Americans rights and opportunities

Integration

process of bringing people of different races, religions, and social classes together

Reconstruction

program implemented by the federal government between 1865 and 1877 to repair damage to the South caused by the Civil war and restore the southern states to the Union

Wade-Davis Bill

required that a majority of prewar voters in the Confederate states swear loyalty to the Union before restoration could begin

Why do you think President Lincoln proposed generous terms for reconstruction in 1863?

so the south could join as quickly as possible

Tenant Farming

system in which a farmer paid rent to a landowner for the use of the land

Sharecropping

system in which a farmer tended a portion of a planter's land in return for a share of the crop

Redeemer

term for white southern democrats who returned to power after 1870

How did the Radical Republican's plans for Reconstruction differ from those of Lincoln and Johnson?

the radical Republicans also gave more protection to the freed black men than Johnson. They also believed that Lincolns and Johnson's plan was to lenient to the South. Differences: The Radical Republicans Plan unlike Lincolns or Johnson's, revolved more around revenge. They wanted to make the South suffer for the damage it had caused during the war.