Chapter 12: Eukaryotic Microorganisms

What are 2 examples of round worms?

- Hookworm - Heart worm

What are 2 types of flat worms?

- Tapeworms - Flukes

What is the typical protozoan life cycle?

- Trophozoite is reactivated - Active, feeding stage - Dries up and loses motility - Transition to host/ cyst wall forms - Mature cyst/ dormant - Moisture added and cyst wall opens

What are intermediate hosts?

A parasite passes one or more of its asexual stages

What are accidental hosts?

Accidentally harbors an organism that is not ordinarily parasitic in the particular species.

What type of reproduction does mold do?

Both asexual and sexual

What type of reproduction does yeast do?

Both asexual and sexual

What is hyphae and what does it make up?

Branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus

How does shell-fish poisoning occur?

Brevetoxin accumulates in shell-fish

How do yeasts asexually reproduce?

Budding

How do yeasts sexually reproduce?

Can combine with other yeasts

What are some examples of fungal pathogens?

Candida, athletes foot

How is tinea/ ringworm transmitted?

Direct skin to skin contact, or object to skin

What could be one good thing from having a parasite?

Due to co-evolution and reliance, Helminths shown to lower probability of having autoimmune disorder

What does endosymbiont theory state?

Explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes. It states that several key organelles of eukaryotes originated as symbiosis between separate single-celled organisms.

T or F, ringworm is an actual worm

FALSE

T or F, all eukaryotic microorganisms are major human pathogens

FALSE, only SOME are

What two forms can algae take?

Filamentous or single-celled (ex. diatoms like phytoplankton)

How are fungal and bacterial spores different?

Fungal= wimpy, for reproduction Bacterial= very strong, for survival

What is the common name for single or multi-cellular Saprophytes

Fungi

What are 3 major groups of eukaryotic microorganisms?

Fungi Protists "Worms"

What colors can algae be?

Green, brown, red

Characteristics about lifecycle of candida, tinea and plasmodium?

Infection Overuse of antibiotics Wipe out good bacteria Bad bacteria multiplies Re-infection

What is the #3 global killer?

Malaria

What is plasmodium also known as?

Malaria etiological agent

What evidence is there of endosymbiont theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes

How do yeast and mold differ?

Mold is a type of fungus that grows in multicellular filaments called hyphae. form a single organism, known as a colony. In contrast, yeast is a type of fungus that grows as a single cell.

How is plasmodium/malaria transmitted?

Mosquitos

What kind of organisms are Helminths?

Multicellular

What is the visible accumulation of mold called?

Mycelium

What are symbiotic relationships between fungi and plants called?

Mycorrhizae

Are fungi photosynthetic?

No

Are helminth eggs easy to get rid of?

No they are difficult to eradicate

What two types of algae produce food?

Nori and alginate

What are Helminths?

Parasitic worms

T or F, fungi are single-celled organisms

Partial truth, can be multicellular (yeast vs. mold)

What two types of algae produce oxygen?

Plankton and kelp

How are helminths transferred?

Possibly ingestion of eggs or larvae, penetration by larvae

What is a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms, with many types of locomotion?

Protozoa

What is tinea also known as?

Ringworm

What are opportunistic pathogens?

Seek out weaker individuals (elderly, immunocompromised)

General characteristics of protists?

Some have ability to move, can reproduce through spores, some can photosynthesize

T or F, Algae is mostly photosynthetic, free-living organisms

TRUE

T or F, Terrestrial saprophytes and aquatic microorganisms can be Eukaryotic

TRUE

What are definitive hosts?

The host in which the sexual reproduction of a parasite takes place

How does mold evolve?

Through sexual genetic recombination (diploid)

What happens during a "red tide" and whats the proper name for it?

Too many dinoflagellates (types of red algae) reproduce and create a Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB)

Give example of how yeast can be useful and how it can be pathogenic

Useful= Food production Pathogenic= Yeast infections

What are mold spores like/used for?

Wimpy, meant for reproduction (asexual)