Chapter 12. Organizing and Finding Support For Your Speech

Most working outlines for a speech include all the following elements except

footnotes.

When planning your presentation, you should:

formulate the main message clarify the specific purpose

If your boss asks you to write a speech on new marketing strategies for the company, you might open the introduction with a quotation

from the marketing director on current sales trends. from the CEO on using Internet sites to advertise products. from the boss on the need to diversify overseas sales.

If you download an informative speech from the Internet and pass it off as your own, you are committing _____ theft.

global

The form of plagiarism (intellectual theft) that involves stealing an entire speech from another source and presenting it as if it were your own is called ______ theft.

global

Which of the following are types of plagiarism (intellectual theft)?

global theft incremental theft patchwork theft

If you use a phrase or paragraph from a source but do not give credit to this source in your speech, you are committing a form of plagiarism (intellectual theft) called _____ theft.

incremental

A subjective source

is perceived as less trustworthy than an objective source.

You can open your speech with a joke in order to put them at ease and generate positive feelings about you as long as

it won't be interpreted as offensive.

The _____ of a speech expresses a specific idea or theme related to the topic of the speech.

main point

Personal stories or testimonies are called

narratives.

You are planning to give a speech about Italy. The first thing you'll need to do in planning your speech on this subject is to:

narrow the scope of the speech

When speaking to give honor to a person, place, or event, the most common way to generate attention is by

noting the importance of the occasion.

If you are giving an informative speech on car safety to a high school class, your introduction probably should not include a joke about

obese drivers

A source that presents information in a trustworthy, unbiased fashion is

objective.

Statements of belief about what ought to be true, not what is true, are

opinions

When you are building a speech, the _____ serves the role of a guideline for the design of your speech and what to include in the speech.

outline

Plagiarism (Intellectual theft) called _____ theft occurs when you copy words from multiple sources and then put them together to compose your speech.

patchwork

If you pulled half of your speech from Wikipedia, and the other half from a magazine article, you are committing what type of plagiarism (intellectual theft)?

patchwork theft

Speeches generally have between two and five main

points

In addressing an audience you begin with "President Obama said 'The cynics may be the loudest voices--but I promise you, they will accomplish the least'," you are

presenting a quotation.

A ______ is a type of transition that lets the audience know that you are moving to a new topic.

preview transition

A statement of your main points in the introduction to your speech that helps your listeners know what they should listen for is called a(n)

preview.

A source is _____ when it offers information in a manner that supports only its favored position on an issue.

subjective

The rule of ______ specifies that some concepts in your speech are more important than others.

subordination

A ______ transition reminds the audience of points that you have just made.

summary

While a preview transition is a statement alerting listeners you are about to shift to a new topic, a _____ transition is a statement that briefly reminds listeners of points you have already made.

summary

You must provide _____ material to back up the claims you make in your speech.

supporting

Which of the following are especially suitable for a speech when speaking about something that is personally relevant to you?

testimony narrative

If you are making an informative speech about childhood obesity in the United States, a good introduction might address

that over 9 million children in the U.S. are overweight or obese, a number larger than the combined population of four major cities.

The body of a speech is usually

the longest part of the speech.

If you are composing a speech to give at a law school graduation, and your topic is how to benefit society, one of your main points might be

the need for more public interest lawyers.

It is important to use current supporting material if you were giving a speech on

the role of the United States in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

The difference between preview transitions and summary transitions is rooted in

their placement in the speech.

Statistics are convincing because

they are specific and quantifiable.

When you organize the main points of your speech in chronological order you are using a ______ pattern.

time

You are writing an informative speech on the impact of political parties on U.S. democracy in the 1800s, 1900s, and today. Which of the following organizational method is most appropriate for your speech?

time pattern

When you organize the main points of your speech according to different subject categories, you are using a ______ pattern.

topic

A source is objective to the extent that it presents information in a(n) _____ fashion.

unbiased

Which of the following is a form of plagiarism?

using information from another source without giving proper credit

The use of signposts differs from the use of preview transitions and summary transitions because signposts

usually are words or phrases.

If you quote other people's words in your speech, it is important that you use a _____, a statement giving credit to the words' original source.

verbal footnote

It would be appropriate to use a verbal footnote

when quoting one person's work in a speech.

_____ theft means failing to give credit for small portions of the speech that you did not write.

Incremental

_____ is misrepresenting someone else's words or ideas as your own.

Plagiarism

Which of the following would be the MOST credible source for a report examining the efficiency of the postal service?

a study from a group of international economics academics

Studies conducted in educational settings confirm that when teachers present organized and coherent lessons, their students

are more motivated to learn.

Speaking notes are different from a working outline because they

are shorter.

When people prepare speeches, it is possible for them to commit plagiarism (intellectual theft) in which of the following ways?

as global theft as patchwork theft as incremental theft

The rule of division specifies that if you divide a point into subpoints, you must create

at least two subpoints.

It is not enough to simply find good supporting material. You must also

avoid plagiarism.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic one needs to check for validity of supporting material?

bias

In addition to the introduction, body, and conclusion, a working outline includes which of the following?

bibliography thesis statement title purpose statement

Before you generate a purpose statement for your speech, you should do which of the following?

choose a topic of interest to the audience decide whether to inform or entertain the audience

Which of the following would not create a good attention getter in a speech?

citing academic credentials

In addition to using stories and statistics, which of the following approaches can be used to develop a lively introduction?

citing an expert's opinion referring to a local landmark using a new or old joke asking the audience a question

The two main tasks of the _____ in your speech are to reinforce your central message and to create a memorable moment for the audience.

conclusion

Using _______ supporting material is especially important when you're speaking on issues in fields that change continually, such as technology and world politics.

current

One way to help your audience understand a concept is to share real and specific ________ that help make the topic more concrete.

examples

Which of the following help give a source credibility for your topic?

experience in the field training in the field

Spending an approximately equal amount of time on each main point of a speech will help you to

express their relative importance.

Which of the following statements describes a working outline?

a structured set of all the points and subpoints

The three rules of outlining involve all the following except

abbreviation.

Which of the following is not a type of support you can use for claims in your speech?

an untruth

Ideally, you should devote ______ to each main point?

approximately the same amount of time

The main act of your speech is the

body.

Which of the following are the two main tasks of the conclusion of a speech?

creating a memorable moment for listeners reinforcing your thesis statement

Which of the following are characteristics of good supporting material?

currency objectivity credibility

Which of the following are characteristics of a strong purpose statement?

declarative specific concise

When you adopt a topic pattern, you organize the main points to represent ______ categories.

different

Main points must be ______ one another.

distinct from

According to the rule of _____, if a point has one subpoint, it must have at least one more.

division

Even when your audience understands your topic, they may still benefit from hearing specific instances, or _____, as support.

examples

Which of the following are the primary goals of a good speech introduction?

generating audience interest in the topic previewing the content of the speech

Your purpose statement is a declaration of your specific ______ for your speech.

goal

After you generate a purpose statement for your speech and identify your general goal, you should

identify your specific goal.

Organizing your main points with a time pattern means arranging them

in chronological order.

Quotations are valuable supporting material because they provide

information from a recognized expert.

Which of the following are general, as opposed to specific, speech goals?

informing a class entertaining an audience

The main points in a speech can be organized according to all the following except

intentionality.

Summaries and _____ often can be combined as effective transition statements.

previews

When your speech uses the words of a recognized expert, they are using _____ as support.

quotations

In general, regardless of your topic, the main points of a speech should be

related to one another.

If a main point in your proposed speech is not related to the thesis, the best options are to

replace the point delete the point

A story about earthquakes would be effective if it (Select all that apply.)

revealed what it was only at the end. begins with an easily relatable experience. gave unusual, graphic details.

Single words or short phrases that separate one part of a speech from another are known as

signposts.

The rule of subordination specifies that

some concepts in your speech are more important than others

Speeches can have general speech goals, such as, "to inform," or more ________ speech goals, such as, "to inform about Australian wines."

specific

The purpose statement of a speech defines the speaker's ________ goals.

specific

When you use numbers identified through research, you are using _____ as supporting material.

statistics

Numbers used to support claims are called

statistics.

The use of a definition can be helpful

when your speech focuses on a concept that may be unfamiliar.

The type of outline that is a structured set of all the points and subpoints in your speech is a ______ outline.

working

Speaking notes are an abbreviated version of your

working outline.

When previewing your main points in your introduction,

you help listeners to identify key points.

Which of the following is a factual claim?

97% of all climate scientists believe global warming is a reality.

Which of the following are examples of combining summary transitions and preview transitions?

As we've seen, high-speed rail in the United States is a feasible technology. Now we should examine whether we can afford it. Now that we have reviewed the feasibility of high-speed rail travel in the United States, we can now consider its advantages.

You are reviewing a colleague's informative speech before she presents it at a professional association meeting. The topic is the latest research results on curing Alzheimer's disease. Which main points would be appropriate for the speech?

Available drugs can delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease is more resistant to treatment.

Which of the following main points are not different enough to justify being separated into two main points?

Chickens provide a natural way to control weeds, and raising chickens is a natural way to control crabgrass.

If you are giving a persuasive speech on the poor health of U.S. children, after you have given your attention-grabbing piece, your introduction should then do which of the following? Select all that apply.

Establish why the listeners should care about children's health issues. Note that the main purpose of the speech is to establish the three ways that that U.S. children are in poor health.

True or false: If the main points of your speech are equally important, the order that you present them in is not critical.

False

True or false: The primary goal of a thesis statement is to choose a specific topic for a speech.

False

True or false: The three rules of outlining are subordination, division, and neutral wording.

False

True or false: Transitions should always be complete sentences.

False

True or false: When you are speaking at a special occasion, everyone who is there knows what the occasion is, so there is no need to cite the occasion.

False

If you are presenting an entertaining speech on football versus soccer, which of the following might be useful as a preview transition for your first main point:?

First, consider differences in how you use your feet.

Which of the following are characteristics of Information that is credible?

It is trustworthy. It is believable.

If your speech starts with a passage from Martin Luther King Junior's "I have a Dream" speech, it is using _____ as support.

a quotation

You have assembled information to deliver a persuasive speech on the need for coastal wind farms. Your main points are the shortfall in domestic energy sources, the potential of green technologies, and the advantages of exploiting local energy options. Given these main points, which of the following organizational patterns is most appropriate?

Problem-solution pattern

_____ are simply numbers that you can use to support your claim and help make a point more informatively.

Statistics

A report that finds a relationship between artificial sweeteners and Alzheimer's would be considered less objective if it is funded by

The American Crystal Sugar Corporation.

Which of the following would be the main points for a speech on the Pacific Trash Vortex in the Pacific Ocean?

The Pacific Trash Vortex is a collection of marine litter. The Pacific Trash vortex is estimated to be larger than the state of Texas.

What are some the consequences of a poorly organized speech where the speaker jumps from one point to other seemingly unrelated points?

The audience has a hard time following along. The audience is left with a poor impression of the speaker's competence. The audience will be not able to recall as much of the information.

Which of the following statements about points and subpoints in an outline are true?

The most important concepts are main points. The less important concepts are subpoints.

If you are presenting a persuasive speech on the need for human exploration of space, which of the following might be useful summary transitions?

Thus, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work in space. As I proved, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work in space. In summary, the survival of the species depends on continuing to learn to live and work

You and a colleague recently completed a deep-ocean dive to test out new safety features of diving equipment. If you were to give a speech on your experience, which of the following would be a strong purpose statement for your speech?

To inform my audience about the risks of a deep-ocean dive.

True or false: your outline should reflect your speech thesis and purpose.

True

Most speeches address how many main points?

Two to five

If your purpose statement is, "to teach the audience about the meaning of a credit score," which of the following main points would be appropriate?

Your credit score can influence your chances for employment. You need a score above 660 to qualify for a conventional mortgage. The higher the number, the better the credit score.

Speech transitions can be characterized as either

a complete sentence or a word or phrase.

When your speech focuses on a concept that may be unfamiliar to your audience, you should consider using _____ as support.

a definition

The thesis statement of a speech can be described as

a one-sentence version of your message.