Chapter 12 Psychology

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. a. Cacioppo b. Asch c. Milgram d. Zimbardo

Asch

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. a. Dispositionism b. Situationism c. Collectivism d. Moralism

Dispositionism

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? a. anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year b. supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking c. anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use d. encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew l

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokesperson advocating of reduction in cigarette use

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? a. because girls are found to spend more time online b. because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities c. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying d. because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites

because it is less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. a. confirmation bias b. availability heuristic c. representativeness bias d. self-fulfilling prophecy

confirmation bias

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. a. prosocial behavior b. diffusion of responsibility c. cognitive dissonance d. aggression

diffusion of responsibility

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. a. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes b. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition c. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion d. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics

emotions and attitude , the self , and social cognition

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? a. door-in-the-face strategy b. lowball technique c. foot-in-the-door technique d. effort justification strategy

foot-in-the-door-technique

Which statement about groupthink is correct? a.) Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. b.) Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. c.) Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on. d.) Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present.

group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? a. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. b. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again. c. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. d. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased

individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing series harm to another person

QUESTION 7 The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. a. equal status b. come-uppance c. equipotentiality d. just-world

just world

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. a. groupthink b. informational c. normative d. confirmatory

normative

What is the main point of the quizmaster study? a. People will overlook obvious dispositional influences on their behavior. b. People will defend themselves by claiming situational influences changed their behavior. c. People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior. d. People will attack other people by claiming situational influences are making them behave badly.

people will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. a. peripheral b. central c. compliance d. haloed

peripheral

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. a. prescription for psychotropic medicine b. written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities c. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting d. set of instructions to be carried out without deviation

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

A negative attitude and feeling toward an individual that is based solely on that person's membership in a specific group is called ________. a. discrimination b. prejudice c. a stereotype d. conformity

prejudice

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. a. scapegoating b. in-group bias c. effort justification d. confirmation bias

scapegoating

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. a. heuristic b. social role c. script d. social norm

script

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? a. students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately b. social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior c. when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone d. students cannot be trusted in roles of authority

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? a. people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation b. participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices c. students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets d. adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but do not know that there are pieces missing

students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. a. the actor-observer effect b. the self-serving bias c. groupthink d. the fundamental attribution error

the fundamental attribution error

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? a. when the correct choice is unclear b. when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions c. when they really want to be liked by a group of peers d. when they feel sure of their own decisions

when the correct choice is unclear