Chapter 12 quiz

A clear chain of command, in which all employees know who their supervisors are as well as who reports to them, is a characteristic of a

Hierarchy

President George Washington's administration had all of the following cabinet departments except

Interior

Senator Ted Cruz compared bureaucracy to a

Plague of locusts

In the nineteenth century. U.S. government jobs were considered to be

Political prizes

______ describes how policymakers control the bureaucracy, despite the bureaucracy having far more information than Congress.

Principal-agent theory

Sunshine laws open up bureaucratic debates to

Public view

Which president began advocating for a reduction in the size of the bureaucracy, specifically stating that "government is not the solution to our problem?"

Reagan

As a total proportion of America's gross national product over the last forty years, the cost of the federal bureaucracy has

Remained generally steady

In 2021 President Biden, building on a law passed in 1980, announced that goods purchased by the federal government-from desks to helicopter windscreens-would have to be built from components that were at least seventy-five percent made in America. This is an example of

Rulemaking

How many cabinet departments did Theodore Roosevelt have?

Seven

The officials who implement programs and deal directly with the public are

Street-level beaurocrats

What institution do we rely on almost every hour of every day?

The bureaucracy

The bureaucracy is discussed in which article of the Constitution?

The bureaucracy is not mentioned in the Constitution.

_______ instructs courts to defer to an administrative agency's interpretation of a statute-especially where the statute is ambiguous.

The chevron doctrine

The daily journal of the federal government is

The federal register

The rule that stipulates how a government program will actually operate is known as

The final rule

Conservative legal doctrine that limits administrative discretion by holding that administrative agencies need explicit authorization from Congress before deciding issues of major importance.

The major questions doctrine

Recently, the Environmental Protection Agency created a rule forcing utilities to move from coal to cleaner forms of energy such as wind and solar. However, the Supreme Court ruled that it could not do so without a clear mandate from Congress. This is an example of

The major questions doctrine

The historical event most responsible for the large bureaucracy we have today was

World War II

Privatization of government services requires

Careful oversight

Appointed agency leaders are tasked with steering their agencies in the direction

Charted by the president

What is one way that the president controls the bureaucracy?

Choosing leaders

Approximately how many people are on the American government payroll?

23 million

About what percentage of the federal bureaucracy is active-duty military?

33.3%

How many women have headed cabinet-level departments?

39

The Constitution bars members of Congress from taking

Any civil office

Who can comment on a proposed rule in the Federal Register?

Any interested party

The cabinet department with the most employees is the

Department of defense

After the passage of the Pendleton Civil Service Act, how did civil servants get their jobs?

Exams

The primary source of authority for a member of the bureaucracy is

Expertise

The final rule is published in the

Federal Register

The 1966 ______ facilitates full or partial disclosure of government documents and information.

Freedom of information act

The bureaucracy, compared with Congress,

Is much more diverse

When Congress appropriates funds for Social Security checks, bureaucratic workers then

Issue checks

The presidential assassination that led to civil service reform was that of

James Garfield

While agency leaders frequently lobby Congress on behalf of their agencies, they also frequently complain about congressional

Micromanagement

All of the following exert some control over the bureaucracy except

Nonvoters

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bureaucracy?

Varied routines

Civil servants are often caricatured as speaking

bureaucratese.

Bureaucracies exist

in both the private and the public sector.

Bureaus of the federal government that originally emerged regulate business are called

independent regulatory agencies.

The bureaucracy, compared with Congress,

is much more diverse.

One of the principal arguments for contracting out government services to private companies is that

private companies are more efficient than government agencies.

Public officials who deal directly with the public are called

street-level bureaucrats.