Chapter 12 Quiz

The resting membrane potential in neurons is:__________millivolts

-70 mv

Which of the labeled cells in the diagram is a neuroglial cell that produces and maintains the myelin sheath?

A

Which of the following nerve fibers would have the highest speed of conduction?

A fibers

The period of time during which the neuron cannot generate another action potential, even with a very strong stimulus is called the:

Absolute Refractory Period

Once a(n) ________ potential is generated, the amplitude is always the same and does not depend on stimulus intensity.

Action

To communicate over short and long distance neurons use the:

Action Potentials

Which is not a process used to remove the neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?

Active Transport

Which neurons carry information to the brain?

Afferent

The membrane potential temporarily becomes more negative than the resting level during the _________ phase.

After Hyperpolarizing Phase

Which subdivision of the Peripheral Nervous System is involuntary?

Autonomic Nervous System

Which is a synapse that transmits a nerve impulse from an axon to a cell body:

Axosomatic

Unmyelinated axons transmit action potentials through _______ conduction while myelinated axons use _____ conduction.

Continuous, Saltatory

Which is commonly the "receiving" structure of a neuron?

Dendrite

In this diagram, which structure is the myelin sheath?

E

Which neurons carry information out of the brain?

Efferent

The movement of materials in both directions on microtubules in axons refers to:

Fast Axonal Transport

What principle function of the nervous system analyzes information, stores some aspects, and makes decisions about appropriate behavior?

Integrative

Which neurotransmitter receptor is a type of ligand-gated channel which contains a binding site and an ion channel?

Ionotropic Receptors

Channels that open in response to a specific chemical stimulus are:

Ligand Gated Channels

An autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheaths in multiple regions causing the myelin sheaths to deteriorate to scleroses or hardened scars.

Mutiple Sclerosis

Chemical substances that neurons use to communicate with other neurons are called:

Neurotransmitters

Depression is linked to an imbalance of ____________ like serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain.

Neurotransmitters

Neuroglial cells in the brain that form a myelin sheath around several adjacent axons are:

Oligodendrocytes

Chromatolysis and Wallerian Degeneration occur as part of the repair process for nerves in the _________.

PNS

Which nervous system division contains spinal nerves, ganglia, and peripheral nerves?

PNS

The following is a description of which type of neural circuit? A presynaptic neuron stimulates a single postsynaptic neuron.

Simple Series

What occurs when neurons one and two both act on neuron three at the same time to cause an action potential?

Spatial Summation

Graded potentials vary in amplitude depending on the strength of the ________.

Stimulus

A sensory neuron that has one process that extends from the cell body:

Unipolar

At the neuromuscular junction, a nerve impulse is converted into a/an:

chemical signal

The resting membrane potential is maintained primarily by two factors:

the Na+/K+ pump and the leakage of K+ out of the cell