Chapter 12 Sensory Mechanisms

Which of the following is/are involved in focusing light? a. lens b. pupil c. cornea d. both (a) and (c)

10: d

Which of the following correctly describes the distribution of rods and cones in the retina? a. rods and cones are evenly distributed throughout the retina b. there are more cones on the periphery of the retina c. cones are more highly concentrated in the fovea centralis d. rods are more highly concentrated in the optic disk

11: c

Which of the following statements explains why vision is less sharp in dim light than in bright light? a. cones are more responsive in dim light b. there are more rods than cones in the eye c. many rods converge on a single ganglion d. the dilated pupil lets in more light than the lens can focus

12: c

conduction deafness would most likely be caused by damage to the: a. cochlear nerve b. malleus, incus, and/or stapes c. hair cels in the cochlea d. vestibular apparatus

13: b

Which of the following would most readily be treated with antibiotics a. cataracts b. otitis media c. glaucoma d. meniere's syndrome

14: b

Which of the following can be corrected with corrective lenses? a. myopia b. color blindness c. hyperopia d. both (a) and (c)

15: d

What do the receptors in the skin for light touch and the receptors in the nose for smell have in common? a. they both respond to pressure b. they both respond to chemicals c. they send action potentials to the same area of the brain d. they both adapt very quickly

1: d

mc: Following an eye test you are told that you have 20/20 vision. This means that, 20 feet from the chart you can read letters that most people can read from 20 meters 20 feet from the chart you can read letters that most people can read from 20 feet You are short sighted You have superhero vision

20 feet from the chart you can read letters that most people can read from 20 feet

Which of the following are NOT found among the somatosensory receptors? a. mechanoreceptors b. thermoreceptors c. chemoreceptors d. pain receptors

2: c

mc: The following is a list of structures in the eye through which light passes. Which one of the following answers accurately represents the order in which light passes through or hits these structures on its way into the eye? 1. lens 2. pupil 3. cornea 4. aqueous humor 5. retina 3, 4, 2, 1, 5 3, 1, 2, 4, 5 3, 2, 4, 1, 5 5, 4, 2, 1, 3

3, 4, 2, 1, 5

A more powerful stimulus will result in a. action potentials that travel more quickly b. activation of more receptors c. more frequent action potentials d. both (b) and (c)

3: d

Receptor adaptation results when a. sensory neurons stop sending action potentials b. a stimulus is discontinued c. action potentials from different neurons cancel one another out d. the action potentials do not reach the brain

4: a

In what order do the structures of the ear come into play when hearing? a. malleus--tympanic membrane--cochlea--stapes---cochlear nerve b. auditory tube---malleus---cochlea---incus---cochlear nerve c. auditory canal---tympanic membrane---malleus---cochlear nerve---malleus d. auditory canal---cochlea---tympanic membrane---cochlear nerve---malleus

5: c

mc: Whereas the human sense of taste can detect ________ (how many?) different primary taste qualities, the sense of smell has receptors for over ________ (how many?) different odorant chemicals. 5; 400 150; 6 10; 10,000 20; 200

5; 400

Different pitched sounds will result in stimulation of receptors located in different regions of a. hair cells b. round and oval windows c. the vestibular apparatus d. the cochlea

6: d

Which of the following correctly traces the path of light through the eye? a. cornea----aqueous humor---pupil---lens---vitreous humor---retina b. aqueous humor---pupil---cornea---lens---vitreous humor---retina c. pupil---cornea---vitreous humor---lens----aqueous humor---retina d. cornea---vitreous humor---lens----pupil----aqueous humor----retina

7: a

When we adjust our head and eye position to carefully look at something, we are directing the image to focus on the: a. optic disk b. macula c. periphery of the retina d. optic nerve

8: b

Which of the following regulate the amount of light entering the eye? a. cornea b. lens c. iris d. retina

9. c

mc: Which of the following is a receptor? A nerve ending close to the skin surface The sound of a police siren The firing of a sensory neuron Being consciously aware of a stimulus

A nerve ending close to the skin surface

mc: Which of the following is a sensation? The firing of a sensory neuron The sound of a police siren Being consciously aware of a stimulus A nerve ending close to the skin surface

Being consciously aware of a stimulus

fi: The ________, a coiled, fluid-filled structure, sorts sound by tone and converts it into electrical impulses.

Cochlea cochlea

mc: Each of the following statements about cones is TRUE, EXCEPT which one? Cones are evenly distributed throughout the retina, accounting for visual acuity. Cones enable humans to see color. Color vision is enabled by the presence of three types of cones. Cones require more intense light for activation than rods do.

Cones are evenly distributed throughout the retina, accounting for visual acuity.

mc: Astigmatism is due to irregularities of the: Optic nerve Ciliary muscles Lens Cornea

Cornea

tf: Somatic sensations originate from receptors found in very specific, localized areas of the body. True False

False

mc: Loud sounds cause excessive damage to the:- Vestibular apparatus Pinna Hair cells of the cochlea Tympanic membrane

Hair cells of the cochlea

mc: What is sensory/receptor adaptation? If a stimulus remains at a constant level receptors continue responding If a stimulus remains at a constant level receptors stop responding to it Receptors respond to only one type of stimulus If damaged a sensory receptor can become a sensor

If a stimulus remains at a constant level receptors stop responding to it

mc: What is sensory/receptor adaptation? Receptors respond to only one type of stimulus If a stimulus remains at a constant level receptors continue responding If damaged a sensory receptor can become a sensor If a stimulus remains at a constant level receptors stop responding to it

If a stimulus remains at a constant level receptors stop responding to it

mc: Which of the following is TRUE regarding the optic disk? Its presence creates a blind spot in each of our eyes. It causes the images created on the retina to be upside down. It is the area of the retina that allows us the highest visual acuity. It is the region of the visual cortex that interprets visual information.

Its presence creates a blind spot in each of our eyes.

mc: Which of the following is TRUE regarding the optic disk? Its presence creates a blind spot in each of our eyes. It is the region of the visual cortex that interprets visual information. It causes the images created on the retina to be upside down. It is the area of the retina that allows us the highest visual acuity.

Its presence creates a blind spot in each of our eyes.

mc: When a sound wave first arrives to the ear, the wave is directed towards the auditory canal by the:- Pinna Vestibular apparatus Hair cells of the cochlea Tympanic membrane

Pinna

mc: Which of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body? Semicircular canals Cochlea Stapes Oval window

Semicircular canals

mc: Which of the following is an example of accommodation? Your head pans and tilts to follow a moving object The lens changes shape when focusing on near or far objects The iris relaxes to make the pupil large in dim light The iris contracts to make the pupil smaller when in bright light

The lens changes shape when focusing on near or far objects

mc: Which one of the following occurs when bright light hits the eye? The muscle arranged circularly around the iris relaxes. The photoreceptors no longer respond to the light. The pupil dilates. The pupil decreases in size.

The pupil decreases in size.

mc: Which of the following is a stimulus? A nerve ending close to the skin surface The firing of a sensory neuron b. Being consciously aware of a stimulus The sound of a police siren

The sound of a police siren

tf: The retina is composed of four layers of cells, which are the pigmented cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and the ganglion cells. Axons of the ganglion cells become the optic nerve. True False

True

fi: The eye (or lens and its attached muscles) is said to "____________" for distance. To do so, the lens must be elastic. The more elastic the lens, the "younger" the eye is said to be. As you age, the lens becomes less elastic, as a result the ability to focus on closer objects diminishes.

accomodate

mc: A stronger stimulus results in which one of the following? activation of more receptors and lower frequency of action potentials larger action potentials moving down neurons action potentials that travel more quickly down neurons activation of more receptors and greater frequency of action potentials

activation of more receptors and greater frequency of action potentials

mc: The malleus and incus function to channel sounds in the inner ear. amplify sound. convert a sound wave into an electrical impulse. convert a long wave light into an electrical impulse.

amplify sound.

mc: The loudness (intensity) of a sound is specifically associated with the specific hair cells that respond in the cochlea. frequency of sound waves. amplitude of the sound waves. area of the brain interpreting the sensory input.

amplitude of the sound waves.

mc: Vibration of the ________ bends hairs of the hair cells, which ultimately generate impulses in ________. sensory neurons; tectorial membrane basilar membrane; sensory neurons organ of Corti; hair cells hair cells; sensory neurons

basilar membrane; sensory neurons

mc: Ludwig van Beethoven became deaf by the age of 30. However, he could "hear" by placing a stick between his piano and the bone behind his ear. What kind of deafness did he have? Conduction deafness Stone deafness Tone deafness Sensory-neural deafness

conduction deafness

mc: Color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of optic disks. rods. cones. foveae.

cones.

tf: Somatic sensations originate from receptors found in very specific, localized areas of the body. True False

false

mc: Receptors for fast pain generally arise from muscles or internal organs. generally are found in or near the surface of the body. transmit action potentials only to the brain and not the spinal cord. always give rise to a phenomenon called referred pain.

generally are found in or near the surface of the body.

mc: Receptors for fast pain transmit action potentials only to the brain and not the spinal cord. generally arise from muscles or internal organs. generally are found in or near the surface of the body. always give rise to a phenomenon called referred pain.

generally are found in or near the surface of the body.

mc: Different pitched (high- or low-toned) sounds are discriminated by the malleus, incus, and stapes. hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea. round and oval windows. tympanic membrane.

hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea.

mc: Different pitched (high- or low-toned) sounds are discriminated by the tympanic membrane. hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea. round and oval windows. malleus, incus, and stapes.

hair cells in specific regions of the cochlea.

mc: The transparent covering of the front of the eye is the fovea centralis. iris. cornea. lens.

lens

mc: A student noticed that when he closed his eyes, he could still determine the position of his arms and legs. This is largely due to the activity of pain receptors. Meissner's corpuscles. mechanoreceptors. Merkel disks.

mechanoreceptors.

mc: Which of the following receptors are likely to demonstrate the quickest receptor adaptation? pain receptors olfactory receptors in the nose stretch receptors in the muscles and tendons rotational-sensing hair cells in the inner ear

olfactory receptors in the nose

mc: In normal vision the 'blind spot' is the location in the retina of the_______ Cornea Optic nerve Lens Ciliary muscles

optic nerve

mc: What is the name of the nerve that carries the electrical impulses from the photoreceptors to the brain? Optic nerve Olfactory nerve Auditory nerve Video nerve

optic nerve

mc: Sound is amplified by components of the middle ear when they vibrate. When one of these components, the stapes, vibrates, the ________ will vibrate. oval window tympanic membrane pinna eustachian tube

oval window

ma: Match the following types of receptors to their definitions. photoreceptors pain receptors mechanoreceptors chemoreceptors respond to tissue damage allow a person to taste food respond to light respond to tissue damage

photoreceptors respond to light pain receptors respond to tissue damage mechanoreceptors detect light touch of skin chemoreceptors allow a person to taste food

mc: Some sensory receptors stop sending action potentials even though the original stimulus persists. This is known as which one of the following? receptor shutdown receptor adaptation receptor overload receptor oversight

receptor adaptation

fi: Pain caused by a heart attack in men is often felt in the left shoulder and left arm. This phenomenon is known as ________ pain.

referred

fi: Ciliary muscles in your eye control the lens and its shape allowing you to focus on close or distant objects. As you view distant objects the ciliary muscle __________ (relaxes or contracts?) and the lens will be flattened. As you view closer objects the ciliary muscle __________ (relaxes or contracts?) and the lens will become rounded.

relaxes, contracts

mc: The vitreous humor fills the main chamber of the eye. Which one of the following structures of the eye does vitreous humor come in direct contact with? choroid retina iris cornea

retina

fi: The ___________ (rods or cones) allow greater visual sensitivity and are responsible for night vision which is seen in black and white. The __________ (rods or cones) allow greater visual acuity and are responsible for day vision when colors can be detected.

rods, cones

mc: Which one of the following parts of the eye is continuous with the cornea and forms the outer surface of the back of the eye? oval window iris retina sclera

sclera

mc: Which one of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body? vestibule semicircular canals ampulla and cupula stapes

semicircular canals

The structure shown in the figure above is used by the human body to detect what? sound temperature light rotational movement of the head

sound

mc: Receptor adaption occurs when the sensory neuron stops sending action potentials. the brain ignores the incoming action potentials. impulse transmission stops at a synapse. the stimulus stops.

the sensory neuron stops sending action potentials.

tf: Pressure in the middle ear is equalized with the external air pressure through the auditory tube. True False

true

tf: The retina is composed of four layers of cells, which are the pigmented cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, and the ganglion cells. Axons of the ganglion cells become the optic nerve. True False

true

mc: Which are the classical five senses? Select 5. balance pain vision taste smell touch hearing

vision, taste, smell, touch, hearing