Chapter 12: Services & Settlements

Nomads were attracted to early settlements based on the services they offered. Which of the following does NOT pair a service of early settlements with its type? a. structures for religious ceremonies, business service. b. burial of the dead, consumer service c. defensive forces to protect the settlement, public service d. place for the exchange of goods, business service e. storage of surplus food, business service

????? c. defensive forces to protect the settlement, public service

The percent of Americans who live in a food desert is estimated to be a. 36.3% b. 9.8% c. 23.5% d. 16% e. 31.4%

c. 23.5%

Consumer services account for which percent of jobs in the United States? a. 25% b. 10% c. 50% d. 75% e. 5%

c. 50%

Use Figure 12-9 to answer the question. Based on the information presented in the map, which statement about distinctive economic bases found in U.S. communities is TRUE? a. Clocks, carpets, and computers form the economic base of Florida towns. b. Logging and office and household furniture industries support a cluster of communities in the Pacific Northwest. c. Aircraft, boat and ship-building are found in Western communities. d. Agricultural and farm-based businesses are located close to south and eastern ports. e. The Northeast supports mainly luxury goods production, hosiery, and entertainment services.

c. Aircraft, boat and ship-building are found in Western communities.

Use Figure 12-12 to answer the question. According to the map, the vast majority of megacities are located in a. South America b. Africa. c. Europe. d. North America. e. Asia.

e. Asia.

What does an analysis of the hierarchy of consumer services reveal? a. Market areas "nest" into each other, creating overlapping areas of different sizes. b. Large settlements tend to be located close together. c. There is no variation in the size of the settlements within a market area. d. In reality, distances between settlements do not follow any sort of regular pattern. e. Larger settlements provide fewer consumer services.

a. Market areas "nest" into each other, creating overlapping areas of different sizes.

Which of the following is considered to have been a hearth of urban settlement? a. Mesopotamia b. Madagascar c. Rome d. Scotland e. Athens

a. Mesopotamia

Use Figure 12-5 to answer the question. Which statement about the periodic markets illustrated in the map is ACCURATE? a. Most customers are able to access a periodic market within a twenty-mile drive every day of the week. b. Most communities are able to shop at a periodic market within a ten-mile drive more than one day a week. c. Customers must plan well in advance to purchase fresh product as periodic markets are distant and unpredictable. d. The scheduled days of the week change annually based on the lunar cycle. e. Farmers travel long distances to sell their produce and work seven days a week.

a. Most customers are able to access a periodic market within a twenty-mile drive every day of the week.

Use Figure 12-1 to answer the question. In which countries do services account for between 50 and 69 percent of GDP? a. South Africa, Namibia, and Australia b. Mexico, Canada, and Russia c. Canada, the United States, and Brazil d. Brazil, Mexico, and Yemen e. Russia, Australia, and Germany

a. South Africa, Namibia, and Australia

Based on the information presented in Figure 12-7, which statement about North American global cities is TRUE? a. Tampa is gamma-ranked and Denver is beta-ranked. b. Cleveland is gamma-ranked and Toronto is beta-ranked. c. San Diego is gamma-ranked and Denver is alpha-ranked. d. Calgary is gamma-ranked and Denver is alpha-ranked. e. Dallas is beta-ranked and Denver is alpha-ranked.

a. Tampa is gamma-ranked and Denver is beta-ranked.

Use Figure 12-2 to answer the question. The graph represents both social and economic change in the United States between 1975 and 2015. Which sector and sub-sectors have grown the most significantly? a. The tertiary sector with increases in leisure, health, and retail services. b. The tertiary sector with expanded investment in transportation infrastructure. c. The primary sector with increases in agricultural and mining technology. d. The secondary sector with a revival of manufacturing jobs, mostly in the Midwest. e. The tertiary sector due to increased importance of financial management jobs.

a. The tertiary sector with increases in leisure, health, and retail services.

Which is NOT a way the Roman Empire facilitated settlements in the territory it controlled? a. With Rome as the largest city of the era, culture and commerce spread from a central location. b. The construction of roads allowed for ease of transportation and trade between settlements. c. They reduced reliance on agricultural lifestyles by encouraging urban settlement. d. They were likely amongst the first settlements to offer consumer, business, and public services. e. They established settlements throughout the region to administer the empire.

a. With Rome as the largest city of the era, culture and commerce spread from a central location.

The most significant impact of the United Kingdom's enclosure movement on the rural landscape was a. a dispersed rural settlement pattern. b. decreased urbanization through land redistribution. c. increased settlement because of improved transportation. d. a reinforced traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. e. increased rural population.

a. a dispersed rural settlement pattern.

The four main types of consumer services include a. education, retail, health, and leisure. b. wholesale, social, leisure, and information service. c. health. social, professional, and public. d. transportation, education, wholesale, and financial. e. education, retail, professional, and financial.

a. education, retail, health, and leisure.

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the a. hinterland. b. threshold. c. range. d. median. e. meridian

a. hinterland.

According to the rank-size rule, the tenth-largest settlement within a country should have __________. a. one-tenth the population of the largest settlement in the country b. the major cultural and economic centers of a country c. one-tenth the economic base as the largest city in the country d. 10 times the population as the next-largest country e. 10 times the land area as the largest city in a country

a. one-tenth the population of the largest settlement in the country

Which type of service challenges the traditional classifications of services as either a business or consumer service? a. sharing services b. consumer sharing services c. taxi rides d. periodic services e. business sharing

a. sharing services

Which type of service includes utilities? a. transportation and information services within business services b. health and social services within consumer services c. government services within public services d. professional services within business services e. professional services within public services

a. transportation and information services within business services *Remember: Transportation and information services comprise almost 6 percent of all U.S. jobs. Forty percent of the jobs of this type are in information services as well as utilities such as water and electricity.

Educational services account for about which percent of jobs in the United States? a. 2% b. 9% c. 1% d. 25 e. 12%

b. 9%

How are offshore financial services and business-process outsourcing in developing countries used to benefit business interests in developed countries? a. Both allow developed countries to avoid employing workers in developing countries. b. Both allow developed countries to circumvent their country's tax and labor laws. c. Both are located near developed countries. d. Both allow the workers of the developing countries to conduct business in their native language. e. Both actively support illegal activities of developed countries.

b. Both allow developed countries to circumvent their country's tax and labor laws.

Use Figure 12-4 to answer the question. Which statement about central place theory is NOT supported in this area of North Dakota? a. Larger settlements likely contain services that have larger thresholds. b. Smaller settlements supply all of the services needed to the inhabitants of isolated areas. c. The largest city, Minot, is surrounded by a collection of smaller towns, villages, and hamlets that display a predictable distribution and size ranking. d. Large stores are not likely to be located in Benedict. e. A regular pattern of settlements has been established that reflects businesses in central places who compete against each other to serve as markets for particular goods and services.

b. Smaller settlements supply all of the services needed to the inhabitants of isolated areas.

Use Figure 12-8 to answer the question. Based on the mapped data, which statement is TRUE? a. Vanuatu is a dependency that is also an offshore banking center. b. Vanuatu is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center. c. New Zealand is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center. d. Bermuda is independent island country that is also an offshore banking center. e. Gibraltar is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.

b. Vanuatu is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.

A primate city is defined as a. the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. b. at least twice as large as the next smaller city. c. a rapidly growing city. d. a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. e. the center of gravity for a hinterland.

b. at least twice as large as the next smaller city.

According to social scientist Louis Wirth which of the following is NOT a characteristic of city life? a. large size b. dense traffic c. heterogeneous groups d. high population e. tolerance of difference

b. dense traffic

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is a. directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland. b. directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. c. directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it. d. directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area. e. directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it.

b. directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is the a. hinterland. b. range. c. median. d. meridian. e. threshold.

b. range.

Which of the following examples would be considered a nonbasic business? a. computer software design b. supermarket c. global financial services d. potato farming e. aircraft manufacturing

b. supermarket

Which trait of periodic markets makes them well suited for developing countries? a. Periodic markets defy the gravity model because distance is not an important factor. b. The frequency of periodic markets varies little from culture to culture. c. Sparse populations and low incomes in developing countries cannot support full-time retailing. d. Periodic markets provide urban dwellers an alternative to expensive grocery stores. e. Periodic markets require permanent structures, which are common in developing countries.

c. Sparse populations and low incomes in developing countries cannot support full-time retailing.

Which of the following would planners NOT consider when determining the extent of the market area for a new chicken wings restaurant? a. The number of people living within an approximately 10-mile radius. b. The potential range of people who enjoy chicken wings within a 10-minute drive. c. The availability of parking within the threshold of the restaurant. d. The income levels of people living within the threshold. e. The number of people between the ages of 15 and 35.

c. The availability of parking within the threshold of the restaurant.

Which of the following statements about the economic base of settlements in the United States is correct? a. The distribution of individuals with specialized talents is uniform across the country. b. A decline in basic businesses would likely result in an increase in nonbasic businesses. c. The term "basic industries" originally referred to manufacturing but now includes the service sector. d. In a postindustrial society, primary sector activities such as mining are becoming an increasing portion of basic businesses. e. The same basic businesses are located in different cities.

c. The term "basic industries" originally referred to manufacturing but now includes the service sector.

In contrast to megacities, metacities a. are very large urban settlements and have at least 25 million people. b. were founded in ancient times and have been continuously inhabited. c. are fewer in number. d. are also classified as global cities. e. are primarily located in developed countries.

c. are fewer in number. THERE ARE LESS METACITIES COMPARED TO MEGACITIES

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a a. global industry. b. nonbasic industry. c. basic industry. d. primate city. e. consumer service.

c. basic industry.

The long-lot system, brought to North America by the French, was developed primarily because of a. collective land ownership. b. inheritance laws. c. desire for access to a river or road. d. long distance communication between farms. e. common grazing land.

c. desire for access to a river or road.

Which factors best explain why many "call centers" are outsourced to India? a. willingness of students to work night shifts and geographic situational factors b. the wide use of English and a large number of working students c. low wages and the widespread use of English d. low wages and geographic situational factors e. low wages and desperate economic conditions

c. low wages and the widespread use of English

Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the a. demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town. b. provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches. c. placement of buildings around a central market square. d. dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town. e. broad avenues in residential districts.

c. placement of buildings around a central market square.

The clustering of tech jobs and talent in the United States is attributed to a. investment capital distributed evenly throughout the country. b. recent college graduates investing in the economic development of "cool" cities. c. talented people igniting economic advancement in communities, which attracts more talented people. d. financial incentives to individuals, and tax breaks for businesses that move to cities with declining populations. e. cultural factors such as amount of time off permitted by basic businesses.

c. talented people igniting economic advancement in communities, which attracts more talented people.

Which statement correctly describes characteristics of one of the three types of services? a. Business services include retail and wholesale businesses. b. Consumer services include police forces, fire protection, and education. c. Business services are provided by educators and other government workers. d. Consumer services comprise the highest percentage of all types of services in the United States. e. Most consumer service jobs are in leisure and hospitality.

d. Consumer services comprise the highest percentage of all types of services in the United States.

Which of the following statements about clustered rural settlements is NOT TRUE? a. Fields typically surround the buildings in a clustered rural settlement. b. They may follow either a circular or linear pattern. c. There is likely to be a small set of business and consumer services in addition to the agricultural structures. d. Family farms are near one another in order to share tools and tractors. e. Linear clustered settlements can be aligned to a river, road, or a dike.

d. Family farms are near one another in order to share tools and tractors.

Which statement best describes the range of a service? a. A service must identify a location that maximizes accessibility. b. There are the minimum number of consumers needed for a business to remain profitable. c. Potential customers have access to at least one large settlement. d. People will travel a long distance to obtain some services. e. Potential customers within an area depend on the product being sold.

d. People will travel a long distance to obtain some services.

The process of urbanization can be analyzed by looking at which two dimensions of growth of a city? a. The density and heterogeneity of people. b. The number and homogeneity of people. c. The size and density of people. d. The number and percentage of people. e. The percentage and density of people.

d. The number and percentage of people.

According to central place theory, which of the following locations is likely to be the most profitable for a business? a. a site located the farthest away from other competitors b. a site located close to a competitor's store c. a site located beyond the range consumers are willing to travel d. a site where potential shoppers exceed its threshold e. a site located far from any existing market area

d. a site where potential shoppers exceed its threshold

Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence. Periodic markets a. are unreliable and therefore contribute to the existence of food deserts for urban dwellers. b. are widely distributed across developed countries during holiday shopping seasons. c. directly compete with service providers in developing countries. d. are located in both developing and developed nations in both rural and urban areas. e. are only found in developing countries where income levels are too low to support full-time retail services.

d. are located in both developing and developed nations in both rural and urban areas.

Which is NOT a business service? a. professional b. information c. financial d. clerical e. transportation

d. clerical

Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of a. hinterland and gravity models. b. economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors. c. central place theory and gravity models. d. economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors. e. political and infrastructure factors.

d. economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.

In terms of global financial services, which two major benefits do developing countries offer? a. privacy and low wages b. command and control centers and low wages c. command and control centers and dependent centers d. tax breaks and privacy e. dependent centers and tax breaks

d. tax breaks and privacy

In which type of settlement do most people in the world live? a. dispersed rural b. agricultural c. primordial d. urban e. clustered rural

d. urban

Which of the following statement justifies the classification of New York as a global city? a. New York is a center for the provision of crops and other food products in the global economy. b. New York is a "beta" city. c. New York is centrally located within the United States. d. New York is a national capital. e. Several major, international financial institutions are headquartered in New York.

e. Several major, international financial institutions are headquartered in New York.

The three types of services are a. public, primary, and support. b. tertiary, secondary, and secret. c. business, tertiary, and consumer. d. public, business, and customer. e. business, consumer, and public.

e. business, consumer, and public.

Central place theory predicts larger settlements will be a. more numerous and closer together. b. more numerous and farther apart. c. less numerous and closer together. d. more numerous. e. less numerous and farther apart.

e. less numerous and farther apart.

Which of the following is NOT primarily a consumer service? a. education b. health c. hospitality d. retail and wholesale e. transportation

e. transportation