Chapter 12: Social Behavior

Which of the following is an example of an implicit attitude? A student telling their instructor that they do not like math A dog trainer saying they like all breeds of dog, but avoids working with Pitbulls Explaining to a friend that you prefer watching horror movies rather than romance Someone buying a hybrid car because they believe it will help the environment

A dog trainer saying they like all breeds of dog, but avoids working with Pitbulls

In trying to persuade someone to change an attitude about a health issue, what would be considered a channel factor? A doctor delivering the message Explaining the dangers associated with the medical condition and what happens if left untreated A message being delivered via a video on YouTube The beliefs the person has about the medical community already

A message being delivered via a video on YouTube

Apply Festinger's dissonance theory to the following scenario. A group of students are all in favor of legalizing marijuana. Which student is most likely to change their opinion about the legalization of marijuana? A student who writes a paper in favor of legalization as a favor to a friend A student who writes a paper in opposition of legalization as a course requirement A student who writes a paper in opposition of legalization as a favor to a friend Assessment question

A student who writes a paper in opposition of legalization as a favor to a friend

When people are asked about attitudes towards issues such as gun control respond that guns "makes them sick," what attitude component would this be? Strength Affective Cognitive Behavioral Assessment question

Affective

Liz has trouble in relationships and often has trouble with being afraid of rejection and feeling jealous. What type of attachment style is likely influencing Liz's love relations? Detached Avoidant Secure Anxious-Ambivalent

Anxious-Ambivalent

When Kelly started at a new school, she had a hard time making friends as it seemed everyone already had a set friend-group, and she was seen as an outsider. How is Kelly being categorized at her new school? Being part of an outgroup Being part of the ingroup An illusory correlation An attribution Assessment question

Being part of an outgroup

Ruth has been helping a professor with research where they have people perform a boring task and give them either $1 or $20 to lie and tell someone the task is interesting, which recreates earlier research. The participants who were only paid $1 rating the task as more interesting than the participants who were paid much more. What is the experiment Ruth is helping with testing? Learning theory Peripheral route of the elaboration likelihood model Cognitive dissonance Central route of the elaboration likelihood model

Cognitive dissonance

Attitude alignment occurs when: People who have similar attitudes are attracted to each other. Dating partners modify their attitudes to be more congruent. In most couples, "birds of a feather flock together." Assessment question

Dating partners modify their attitudes to be more congruent.

How does social loafing influence productivity? Increased work quality Increased efficiency Decreased efficiency Increased coordination

Decreased efficiency

Which of the following is an example of an external attribution? Explaining someone's job loss is a result of the COVID-19 pandemic Telling someone they did a good job because of their positive attitude Not completing a task because of feeling anxious Receiving a promotion because of working hard on a project

Explaining someone's job loss is a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

A child who is normally easy-going and well-behaved has a temper-tantrum in a store, which is likely because they are cranky after missing their afternoon nap. Other people in the store who witnessed the tantrum comment that the child must be spoiled and is a 'bad' kid. How would the comments of the stranger be explained? Temporary attribution Self-serving bias External attribution Fundamental attribution error

Fundamental attribution error

In Solomon Asch's classic experiments on conformity, what factor did he find to influence the likelihood of conformity? Gender Group size Age

Group size

If a psychology student surveyed all of the dating and married couples they knew, they would likely find that: In most couples, both partners have similar levels of physical attractiveness but have very different attitudes. In most couples, the partners are similar in more ways than they are different. In most couples, the partners exemplify the "opposites attract" concept.

In most couples, the partners are similar in more ways than they are different.

According to Leon Festinger's dissonance theory, what drives attitude change? Desire to improve oneself Inconsistency among one's attitudes Social pressure

Inconsistency among one's attitudes

In Solomon Asch's classic experiments on conformity, as group size increased, tendency to conform BLANK Options: Did not change Increased Decreased

Increased

Which of the following would be a positive effect of social networking? Increased social capital Increased risk of depressive symptoms Social networking sites can trigger envy and negative emotional responses Development of addiction to social networking sites

Increased social capital

Deshawn has gotten a scholarship for his academic performance. When his parents congratulate him they tell him they knew he could do it because he is so smart and get such good grades. Deshawn's parents are using what type of attribution? Internal, Temporary Internal, Stable External, Stable External, Temporary

Internal, Stable

Which of the following concepts do reciprocity effects suggest? People tend to modify their attitudes to be similar to their partner's attitudes. People tend to like others who show that they like them. People tend to be attracted to people who are similar to themselves.

It is a key determinant of romantic attraction.

Which of the following is true of physical attractiveness? Physically attractive women, but not men, have greater mating success. It is a key determinant of romantic attraction. It has no impact on friendships. Assessment question

It is a key determinant of romantic attraction.

Solomon Asch's classic experiments on conformity were considered groundbreaking. Which of the following was the main reason it was viewed as such? It utilized an entire group of accomplices with only one participant. It was the first research to study conformity. It was a dramatic demonstration of humans' tendency to conform.

It was a dramatic demonstration of humans' tendency to conform.

What hypothesis is based on the idea that people are more likely to date or marry people of an equal level of attractiveness? Matching Self-enhancement Similarity Reciprocity

Matching

What type of stereotype would people be using if they believed all professors are older men with beards and grey hair? Ethnic stereotypes Gender stereotypes Attractiveness stereotype Occupational stereotypes

Occupational stereotypes

Which type of love is the most powerful in motivating change in thinking, emotion, and behavior? Passionate Companionate Similar Reciprocal

Passionate

Which of the following is true regarding the peripheral route to attitude change? People depend on content, reasoning, and logic People depend on non-message factors such as attractiveness or emotional responses People depend on message factors

People depend on non-message factors such as attractiveness or emotional responses

Which of the following best illustrates group polarization?

People in a jury change their initial vote after hearing the reasoning that other jury members give for their opinion.

Observers tend to attribute actors' behavior to which type of factors? Personal Social Attributional Situational

Personal

Which of the following is more common in collectivist societies than in individualistic societies? Putting group goals ahead of personal goals Self-serving bias Being motivated by high self-esteem Fundamental Attribution Error

Putting group goals ahead of personal goals

During the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people engaged in unexplained hoarding of toilet paper in the United States. What theory would explain this behavior as being the result of people believing they would not have access to toilet paper, causing them to want more of it? Informative Influence Social Norms Obedience Reactance Assessment question

Reactance

What result did Milgram find that suggested people are more likely to obey authority figures? The teacher in the experiment refused to increase the level of shock that was administered to the learner The learner followed the directions given by the teacher and did what they were told during the experiment The majority of participants continued 'shocking' participants as instructed even though they showed clear signs of being upset The participants reported feeling positively toward their participation in the experiment after it was finished

The majority of participants continued 'shocking' participants as instructed even though they showed clear signs of being upset

In Festinger and Carlsmith's classic experiment on cognitive dissonance, which group of subjects stated that they had the most favorable attitude towards the dull task? The subjects paid $20 to lie. The subjects paid $1 to tell the truth. The subjects paid $1 to lie. Assessment question

The subjects paid $1 to lie.

Which of the following make it MORE likely that people will rely on the central route to consider an issue ? They are not knowledgeable on the issue. They are distracted. They feel an issue is important. They do not have time.

They feel an issue is important

When a person experiences cognitive dissonance, what accompanying emotional state do people experience? An intriguing state of anticipation or curiosity Unpleasant state of tension A pleasant state of satisfaction

Unpleasant state of tension

Imagine you are at a restaurant with a group of friends and everyone orders the same dish. Of the following reasons for you also ordering that dish, which would be considered an act of conformity? You don't want to be teased for choosing something different. The dish is the only vegan option on the menu. The dish features your favorite food.

You don't want to be teased for choosing something different.

The bystander effect is best explained as a result of groupthink. a form of social loafing. being caused by diffusion of responsibility. an extreme version of group polarization.

being caused by diffusion of responsibility.

According to the elaboration likelihood model, which route to persuasion leads to more durable attitude change? peripheral central subliminal

central

In the Asch experiment, researchers were testing conformity. social loafing. polarization. obedience.

conformity.

Which hypothesis suggests that people of approximately equal physical attractiveness are likely to select each other as partners? attractiveness similarity matching resemblance Assessment question

matching

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of observers to favor external attributions in explaining the behavior of others. actors to favor internal attributions in explaining their behavior. observers to favor internal attributions in explaining the behavior of others.

observers to favor internal attributions in explaining the behavior of others.

As you drive through a road construction site, you notice several workers relaxing under a tree. If you made the fundamental attribution error, you would probably infer that: the workers are taking a needed break after strenuous work. the workers are probably lazy. the workers are taking a break because the weather is extremely hot and humid.

the workers are probably lazy.

The elaboration likelihood model asserts that: the depth with which people analyze arguments depends on a wide variety of individual characteristics. there are two basic routes through which attitude change can occur as a result of persuasive efforts. people are naturally resistant to attitude change and will avoid persuasion whenever possible.

there are two basic routes through which attitude change can occur as a result of persuasive efforts.