chapter 12-social psychology

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. Select one: a. the self-serving bias b. the actor-observer effect c. the fundamental attribution error d. groupthink

c. the fundamental attribution error

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? Select one: a. Simon goes to sleep b. Simon's mother gets frustrated with Simon c. Simon retreats to a corner and mopes d. Simon bites his mother

d. Simon bites his mother

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? Select one: a. lowball technique b. door-in-the-face strategy c. effort justification strategy d. foot-in-the-door technique

d. foot-in-the-door technique

During the international coronavirus pandemic, many people began acting aggressively toward individuals of Chinese descent, blaming them for the virus even though most of those people had lived in the United States for their entire lives. Those Chinese-Americans were the victim of a process called ________. Select one: a. confirmation bias b. effort justification c. in-group bias d. scapegoating

d. scapegoating

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? Select one: a. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person. b. Research is only useful if it can be successfully replicated time and time again. c. Stanley Milgram was driven by political and personal agendas that demonstrated how research can be biased. d. When acting in a group, people will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

a. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? Select one: a. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. b. Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam. c. Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are. d. Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more

a. Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

Fantasia believes that people with blue eyes are somehow more creative than other people. Whenever Fantasia encounters a person that has blue eyes and is creative, she places greater importance on this evidence supporting her already existing belief. At the same time, Fantasia ignores any evidence that people without blue eyes might display exceptional creativity. This is called a(n) ________. Select one: a. confirmation bias b. representativeness bias c. availability heuristic d. self-fulfilling prophecy

a. confirmation bias

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? Select one: a. when the correct choice is unclear b. when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions c. when they feel sure of their own decisions d. when they really want to be liked by a group of peers

a. when the correct choice is unclear

What is a social role? Select one: a. group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting b. a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group c. person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting d. group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members

b. a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist Select one: a. Stanley Milgram b. Philip Zimbardo c. John Cacioppo d. Solomon Asch

b. Philip Zimbardo

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. Select one: a. equipoentiality b. just-world c. come-uppance d. equal status

b. just-world

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. Select one: a. compliance b. peripheral c. haloed d. central

b. peripheral

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding social exchange theory? Select one: a. Most people are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits. b. People prefer to have more benefits than costs or to have nearly equal costs and benefits. c. People are motivated to maximize the benefits of social exchanges, or relationships, and minimize the costs. d. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

d. People are dissatisfied if their social exchanges create more costs than benefits unless the relationship is an example of consummate love.

The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________. Select one: a. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition b. society and social interaction, families, ecology, and religion c. ethnographies, case studies, archives, and statistics d. prejudice and discrimination, helping behavior, aggression, and group processes

a. emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. Select one: a. Asch b. Zimbardo c. Cacioppo d. Milgram

a. Asch

Why are girls more likely than boys to be victims of cyberbullying? Select one: a. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying b. because girls' parents tend spend less time monitoring their daughters' online activities c. because girls are found to spend more time online d. because girls are more likely to share photographs of themselves on social media sites

a. because it is a less direct and nonphysical form of bullying

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions. Select one: a. confederate b. ally c. associate d. union

a. confederate

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. Select one: a. Social loafing b. Group polarization c. Social facilitation d. Cognitive dissonance

b. Group polarization

What is a main feature of the jigsaw classroom? Select one: a. adults are forced to work together to solve a puzzle but does not know that there are pieces missing b. students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets c. participants are required to express at least one of their own held biases or prejudices d. people work together toward a superordinate goal that cannot be achieved without cooperation

b. students work together with others who are of different racial backgrounds or different ability sets

Orlando shares with a friend that he does not like people who are homosexual, and that he goes out of his way at work to avoid helping customers who he suspects are gay. His friend says to him, "man, that isn't a cool way to be. You do realize that you're expressing a form of prejudice called ________, don't you?" Select one: a. asexuality b. transphobia c. homophobia d. gender dysphoria

c. homophobia